{"id":7608,"date":"2020-04-03T00:06:26","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T00:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/?p=7608"},"modified":"2020-10-26T02:43:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-26T02:43:22","slug":"preston-take-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/preston-take-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Preston Take 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7124 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped-254x300.jpg\" alt=\"Pile of documents and manuscript fragments within melanex protective sheets, with 2 medieval documents from Preston Saint Mary at the top. Photograph by Mildred Budny.\" width=\"254\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped-127x150.jpg 127w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped-869x1024.jpg 869w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/IMG_0768-Opened-Dossier-Cropped.jpg 1201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Revisiting a Set of 13th-Documents<br \/>\nin Latin from Preston in Suffolk<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">With a Winning Competition<\/h3>\n<p>In our earlier blogpost on this subject, <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>, we showcased 2 single-sheet documents which came from a shared location, from dates there separated across generations, and with or without their original seals. We called them Preston Charters <strong>1<\/strong> and <strong>2<\/strong>, now preserved in a private collection.\u00a0 Charter <strong>2<\/strong> lies at the top of the pile in the image here at the left.<\/p>\n<p>Now, having had the opportunity to examine the full set of medieval charters from Preston which came as a group into that collection, we can call these two by their present owner&#8217;s numbering system (in these cases, Preston Charters <strong>5<\/strong> and <strong>7<\/strong>), as we also announce the winner of our competition to transcribe and translate one or other, or both, of this selected pair.<\/p>\n<p>Other reports on our website examine single-sheet medieval and later documents with, or without, their original seals.\u00a0 These reports appear<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4616\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4616\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4616 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/268-document-1354-OS-from-Gratianopolis-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"Document in 5 lines on paper, dated 22 February 1345 (Old Style), with red wax seal. Image reproduced by permisison.\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/268-document-1354-OS-from-Gratianopolis-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/268-document-1354-OS-from-Gratianopolis-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/268-document-1354-OS-from-Gratianopolis.jpg 752w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Document from Grenoble dated 22 February 1345 (Old Style), with wax seal.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>1) In our blog on <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manuscript Studies<\/a><a>\u00a0 (see its <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contents List<\/a><a>):<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/curiouser-and-curiouser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiouser and Curiouser<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/fit-to-be-tied\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fit to Be Tied<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/say-cheese\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Say Cheese<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/latin-document-of-1437-on-vellum-from-Barcelona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin Document of 1437 on Vellum from Barcelona<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2) In <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/the-illustrated-handlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Illustrated Handlist<\/a>, Part II.\u00a0 &#8220;Documents on Vellum&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>3) In <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/starter-kit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Starter Kit<\/a>, giving a brief introduction to a group of 14 medieval Seal Matrices (mostly, it appears, from England)<\/p>\n<p>The Preston set came up for sale in London some years ago, apparently as a single batch, preserved together and sent forth together, after centuries and generations with a common heritage. Their origin relates to Preston (now known as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preston_St_Mary\" target=\"\">Preston St Mary<\/a>), near Ipswich, in Suffolk in England.<\/p>\n<p>Now we revisit them, with a view of the set in full \u2014 insofar as it survives as a group of documents, plus some of their wax seals and a now-empty pouch for a seal.\u00a0 We announce the winner of our competition to transcribe and translate the first 2 documents, as first introduced in our blog, with observations about their specific characteristics.\u00a0 Other posts will report on other documents in the set, taking them pair by pair.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5684\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5684\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-5684 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7d\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1598436.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Church at Preston St Mary. Photograph by Andrew Hill via Wikimedia Creative Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Foster Home<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Portobello-Road-sign.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7125\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Portobello-Road-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Sign for the Portobello Road, W11, London\" width=\"269\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Portobello-Road-sign.jpg 269w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Portobello-Road-sign-150x80.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/a>The pair already showcased (<a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>) now belongs to a private collection, reproduced and examined here by permission.\u00a0 Their owner purchased them in the 1980s in London, probably (according to his recollection) in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portobello_Road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Portobello Road<\/a>, location of markets and shops of many kinds. \u00a0 These 2 are the earliest of that lot.<\/p>\n<p>The group has been set onto the world from that marketplace stripped &#8216;naked&#8217; of fuller original forms of individual identification, including their original larger contexts.\u00a0\u00a0 Let&#8217;s be grateful, while gritting our teeth with frustration that not enough survives, that anything and everything, or, not quite everything, survives.<\/p>\n<p>I suggest that we turn to the skills of, shall we say, dentistry.\u00a0 Call it pulling teeth, wherein the materials appear to have been extracted forcibly from their original setting, for one or other reason.\u00a0 Bringing to bear an array of techniques of examination, we might discern clues and cues with sufficient bite to chew on.<\/p>\n<h3>Press On<\/h3>\n<p>The documents collectively relate to one place named <strong>Preston<\/strong>. That they refer to that single place is clarified by their various reference points, or markers, within their boundary clauses defining the location and extent of the property which their documents transfer from one owner to another.<\/p>\n<p>The origin and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meaning of that name<\/a> derives from the Old English words <i class=\"Latinx mention\" lang=\"ang\"><a title=\"preost\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/preost#Old_English\">pr\u0113ost<\/a><\/i> \u200e(<span class=\"mention-gloss-double-quote\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"mention-gloss\">priest<\/span><span class=\"mention-gloss-double-quote\">\u201d<\/span>) + <i class=\"Latinx mention\" lang=\"ang\"><a title=\"tun\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/tun#Old_English\">t\u016bn<\/a><\/i> \u200e(&#8220;enclosure&#8221; or <span class=\"mention-gloss-double-quote\">\u201c<\/span><span class=\"mention-gloss\">settlement<\/span><span class=\"mention-gloss-double-quote\">\u201d<\/span>). Without further identifiers, the name itself could denote almost anywhere having some form(s) of human habitation\u00a0\u2014 providing a priest was included as a distinguishing characteristic.<\/p>\n<p>There survive <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many<\/a> places in England which have the common Old English place-name <em>Preston.<\/em>\u00a0 Others may have changed their names from that one, while some with such a name may have disappeared from the record altogether.\u00a0 The identity and location of the &#8216;Preston&#8217; named in &#8216;our&#8217; documents center upon their cited reference points to associated locations, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ipswich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ipswich<\/a> in Suffolk, United Kingdom.\u00a0 For example, the text of Charter 2\/7 (see below) names both the Church at this Preston and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Priory_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Ipswich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Priory of the Holy Trinity<\/a> at Ipswich (&#8216;Gyppewic&#8217;):<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5678\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-top-right.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5678\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-5678 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-top-right.png\" alt=\"Detail at top right of deed of sale of land at Preston, near Ipswich, in Suffolk, England, showing references in the text to the Church at Preston and the Holy Trinity at Ipswich ('Gyppewic'). Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"540\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-top-right.png 540w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-top-right-150x47.png 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-top-right-300x93.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5678\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naming the Church at Preston and the Holy Trinity at Ipswich (&#8216;Gyppewic&#8217;) in a deed of sale of land at Preston, near Ipswich.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8216;Our&#8217; Preston is the one situated near this <em>Ipswich<\/em>, whose medieval forms included <em>Gippeswic<\/em>, <em>Gyppewic<\/em>, etc.\u00a0 Nowadays the place is called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preston_St_Mary\" target=\"\">Preston St Mary<\/a>, applying an identifier to distinguish it from other Prestons.\u00a0 Its present name emphasizes both the &#8216;priest&#8217; element of the habitation and the patron saint of its church.<\/p>\n<p>The Church of Saint Mary still stands in the village.\u00a0 The edifice dates from the 14th and 15th centuries, but it had to be rebuilt in 1868, after damage from a lightning strike in 1758.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5684\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5684\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-5684 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436.jpg\" alt=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7d\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1598436.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436.jpg 640w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Church_at_Preston_St_Mary_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_1598436-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Church at Preston St Mary. Photograph by Andrew Hill via Wikimedia Creative Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Back to Front and Back Again<\/h3>\n<p>Each charter in the Preston group has a modern number, entered in black ink at the top left on the originally blank dorse, or back, of the sheet of vellum. Applied to the set by the present owner, the sequence extends from 5 to 13, relating to the full set as purchased and as positioned within a section of his collection dedicated to documents from England and gathered in a notebook.\u00a0 (Over time, he reports, the notebook for his &#8220;French&#8221; documents happens to have gathered more than this one.)<\/p>\n<p>However, Charter 8 in this &#8220;Preston&#8221; series is now missing.\u00a0 The owner recalls that a photograph of it and the others might survive in microfilm in Cambridge, England, where it was photographed during the period between his purchase in London and his return to the United States after a period of study in Cambridge.\u00a0 Number 8 came to him in the group, but it went missing some years ago, after he gave a class with it; perhaps it will resurface.<\/p>\n<h3>A Fuller View of the Set<\/h3>\n<p>At first, I &#8216;met&#8217; several of the Preston charters through photographs supplied by the owner, as part of the Research Group&#8217;s work of examining, researching, displaying, and publishing original manuscript and documentary materials, including some in his collection.\u00a0 In the several years since that &#8216;introduction&#8217; and the publication of two of the charters in <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>, I have had the opportunity on 2 occasions to examine and to photograph the group as presently constituted.<\/p>\n<p>Both occasions took place during visits to conferences, but in different years, in different parts of the country, and at different times of the year, respectively in the winter and in early summer. They allowed for viewing and photographing the items indoors under incandescent light and indoors under natural light.\u00a0 Both occasions show multiple aspects, while their conditions may emphasize or reveal different characteristics.\u00a0 Hence the bother to show you the different views.<\/p>\n<p>Those direct experiences brought to light more evidence, which makes it desirable to revisit the group.\u00a0 At the same time, a winner had come forward for our competition, as proposed in <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>, concerning both showcased documents.<\/p>\n<h3>Group Portraits<\/h3>\n<p>Meet the Group.\u00a0 Here the Preston Charters are displayed in their group, within single photographs showing first one side and then the other.\u00a0 The group comprises Numbers <strong>5<\/strong>\u2013<strong>7<\/strong> and <strong>9<\/strong>\u2013<strong>13<\/strong> in the modern numbering (without the lost or mislaid Charter 8).<\/p>\n<p>Laid upon a wooden table top under a ceiling lamp, unfolded, and outspread, the group of documents first turns their backs (or dorse) to face us.\u00a0 This was the first chance that I had to meet them.\u00a0 Different from photographs.\u00a0 But I offer the photographs from that encounter, so that you might glimpse them also.<\/p>\n<p>Here, as the owner set them out, they stand in 3 vertical rows.\u00a0 From left to right, and top to bottom, Row 1 has Charters 5\u20137, Row 2 has Charters 9\u201311, and Row 3 has Charters 12\u201313.\u00a0 Remember, no Charter 8 in view.\u00a0 For clarity, the item numbers which I have added to the photographs repeat their modern numbers within the group.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12873\" style=\"width: 569px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12873\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12873 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Dorses-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Dorses-cropped.png 559w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Dorses-cropped-150x108.png 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Dorses-cropped-300x217.png 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Dorses-cropped-222x160.png 222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charters Dorses. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12778\" style=\"width: 3786px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12778\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12778 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Preston Charters: Dorse with Guide. Photograph Mildred Budny.\" width=\"3776\" height=\"2720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped.jpg 3776w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped-150x108.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped-1024x738.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2116-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Dorse-Views-cropped-222x160.jpg 222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3776px) 100vw, 3776px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12778\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charters: Dorse with Guide. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Next, they turn over to reveal their fronts, or faces.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12874\" style=\"width: 584px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12874\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12874 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Faces-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"574\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Faces-cropped.png 574w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Faces-cropped-150x106.png 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Sorenson-Preston-Charters-Series-Faces-cropped-300x211.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12874\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charters Faces. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12784\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12784\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12784 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2191-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Faces-cropped-1024x753.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Group of 8 Preston Charters: Faces Forward. Photograph Mildred Budny.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2191-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Faces-cropped-1024x753.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2191-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Faces-cropped-150x110.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2191-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Faces-cropped-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2191-Preston-Charters-Full-Set-Faces-cropped-768x565.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12784\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Group of 8 Preston Charters: Faces Forward. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Our earlier blogpost (<a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>) referred to the pair which we showcased as Numbers <strong>1<\/strong> and <strong>2<\/strong>, which carry the collector&#8217;s Numbers <strong>5<\/strong> and <strong>7<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the Group Photos here, these two stand in Row 1, in its top and bottom positions.<\/p>\n<h3>Our Showcased Pair:\u00a0 Charters &#8216;1&#8217; or 7 and &#8216;2&#8217; or 5<\/h3>\n<p>In each case, the single sheet of vellum, more-or-less evenly trimmed into a rectangle, was folded horizontally near its lower edge with a forward-facing portion at the baseline of the written document.\u00a0 For Charter &#8216;2&#8217;\/<strong>5<\/strong>, the rectangular unit stands taller than wide, while for Charter &#8216;1&#8217;\/<strong>7<\/strong> (as for all the others in the group)\u00a0 it stands wider than tall.<\/p>\n<p>At about midway across the bottom shelf-like fold, a separate, narrow strip of vellum laces through a pair of horizontal slits so as to form the attached tail-like tag for the seal.\u00a0 The lengths of the tags vary considerably, so as to place the seal close or far from the document.<\/p>\n<p>Each of these 2 documents has, or had, a seal affixed to the tag. \u00a0 One (Charter 7) retains about half its seal made of black or green wax.\u00a0 The other retains an old cloth pouch to protect its seal.\u00a0 The pouch is made of a plain-weave textile, apparently linen.\u00a0 The seal itself has disappeared, in a removal through the hole at one or other end of the pouch.<\/p>\n<p>Their pronounced fold lines and darkened stains demonstrate that each completed document was folded in half lengthways, then folded across in thirds, to form block-like sections in a sub-rectangular packet, in which form it was stored at length. The lower center portion, or &#8216;front&#8217;, of the folded unit carries the medieval identifying, or docketing, inscription written in ink in 2 lines above the seal tag. In the block-like section above this one, as unfolded, each document carries an inscription in a different hand, in lighter brown ink, with a single word naming the place involved in the sale.<\/p>\n<p>Each document, undated, records the vendor&#8217;s sale of a plot of land at Preston.\u00a0 One vendor was male, the other female.\u00a0 One buyer was male, the other female.<\/p>\n<h3>First Case:\u00a0 Charter Number &#8216;1&#8217; (as we used to call it)<br \/>\nor Preston Charter &#8216;7&#8217; (as the collector numbered it)<\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Deed issued by Anselm Cutler of Saint Edmund<br \/>\nfor the Sale of Land at <em>Horssecroft<\/em> (<em>or<\/em> Horscroft)<br \/>\nto Richard, son of Ulrich of Preston<\/h4>\n<p>To judge by the style of script, this deed concerns a transaction of circa 1200 CE. It comprises the deed of a sale of a plot of land at Preston, near Ipswich. The document includes among its reference points in the boundary clause both the &#8216;Church at Preston&#8217;, now the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crsbi.ac.uk\/site\/229\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Church of Saint Mary the Virgin<\/a> (an exterior view appears <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/brokentaco\/231083370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>), and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Priory_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Ipswich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Priory of the Holy Trinity<\/a> at <em>Gyppewic<\/em>, now known as Ipswich.<\/p>\n<h4>Dorse<\/h4>\n<p>Mostly blank, the dorse carries a series of inscriptions in ink, including the modern owner&#8217;s inventory number <strong>7<\/strong>, which stands both at the top left and upon one side of the tag above the wax seal.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12827\" style=\"width: 1026px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12827\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12827 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2111-Preston-Charter-7-Dorse-Folded-with-Guide-cropped-1-1016x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1016\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2111-Preston-Charter-7-Dorse-Folded-with-Guide-cropped-1-1016x1024.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2111-Preston-Charter-7-Dorse-Folded-with-Guide-cropped-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2111-Preston-Charter-7-Dorse-Folded-with-Guide-cropped-1-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2111-Preston-Charter-7-Dorse-Folded-with-Guide-cropped-1-768x774.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12827\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Dorse. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The docketing inscription written in 2 lines above the tag names the grantor, the subject of the purchase (<em>terra<\/em>), and the location of that land.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Anselmi Cutelerii sancti Edmundi <\/em><br \/>\n<em>de terra in villa de Prestone<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[Deed] of Anselm Cutler of Saint Edmund<br \/>\nConcerning Land in the Vill of Preston<\/p>\n<p>In medieval English usage, a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vill<\/a> was &#8220;the basic rural land unit, roughly comparable to that of a <a title=\"Parish\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parish\">parish<\/a>, <a title=\"Manorialism\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manorialism\">manor<\/a>, <a title=\"Village\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Village\">village<\/a> or <a title=\"Tithing\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tithing\">tithing<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Presumably Anselm Cutler&#8217;s location &#8220;of Saint Edmund&#8221; designates <em>Saint Edmundbury<\/em>, now known as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bury_St_Edmunds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bury Saint Edmund&#8217;s<\/a>, in Suffolk \u2014 the location of the shrine of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_the_Martyr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saint Edmund the Martyr<\/a> (841\u2013869), King of East Anglia.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13026\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13026\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-13026 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/m736.014r.jpg\" alt=\"New York, Morgan Library &amp; Museum, MS M.736 fol. 14r: Martyrdom of Saint Edmund. Life of Saint Edmund. Bury St Edmunds, circa 1130.\" width=\"650\" height=\"989\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/m736.014r.jpg 650w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/m736.014r-99x150.jpg 99w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/m736.014r-197x300.jpg 197w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13026\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">New York, Morgan Library &amp; Museum, MS M.736 fol. 14r. Life and Martyrdom of Saint Edmund. Bury St Edmunds, circa 1130.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Hovering above that inscription, another in pale brown ink in a later hand presents the single word <em>Horscroft<\/em>, emulating, approximating, or varying the field-name <em>Horssechrofth<\/em> in the charter.\u00a0 The place <em>Horscroft<\/em> or <em>Horscroft, Horningsheath<\/em>, in Suffolk is cited in several 19th- and early 20th-century sources. Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=la0_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA533&amp;lpg=RA1-PA533&amp;dq=Horscroft+Suffolk&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=mTVVorRZlv&amp;sig=ACfU3U0dubH5L0AmFoBIDBmaamaGaWGtwg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi9y6r-7cjoAhWqhHIEHXsoAA0Q6AEwAnoECAsQLg#v=onepage&amp;q=Horscroft%20Suffolk&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horscroft<\/a>:\u00a0 Thomas Moule, <em>The English Counties Delineated:\u00a0 Or, A Topographical Description of England<\/em> (1837), <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=la0_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA533&amp;lpg=RA1-PA533&amp;dq=Horscroft+Suffolk&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=mTVVorRZlv&amp;sig=ACfU3U0dubH5L0AmFoBIDBmaamaGaWGtwg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi9y6r-7cjoAhWqhHIEHXsoAA0Q6AEwAnoECAsQLg#v=onepage&amp;q=Horscroft%20Suffolk&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page 277<\/a><a>.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=7-wMAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA346&amp;lpg=PA346&amp;dq=Horscroft+Suffolk&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=j7sr73lEl6&amp;sig=ACfU3U0_zOz0icJ9J1NKoi3Jtrh9RBhhEw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi9y6r-7cjoAhWqhHIEHXsoAA0Q6AEwBnoECAsQNA#v=onepage&amp;q=Horscroft%20Suffolk&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horscroft<\/a>:\u00a0 Public Record Office, <em>List of Early Chancery Proceedings<\/em>, Bundle 32, page 326, item 64 (a sale of land there)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=DNo-AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA276&amp;lpg=PA276&amp;dq=Horscroft+Suffolk&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=6JDrpq72gE&amp;sig=ACfU3U13-5vuYNKaz7Dkc0A6HeFXxe9xIg&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi9y6r-7cjoAhWqhHIEHXsoAA0Q6AEwB3oECAsQOg#v=onepage&amp;q=Horscroft%20Suffolk&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horscroft<\/a>. :\u00a0 County of Suffolk: Its History as Disclosed by Existing Records &#8230;, edited by Walter Arthur Copinger, Volume III, page 214<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=iuUNAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA710&amp;lpg=PA710&amp;dq=Horscroft+Suffolk&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=EMdIEAot4g&amp;sig=ACfU3U2vy_Tl74ezl-XdhY7Lgo--A4jGsw&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi9y6r-7cjoAhWqhHIEHXsoAA0Q6AEwCHoECAsQPw#v=onepage&amp;q=Horscroft%20Suffolk&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Horscroft<\/a>, within <em>Horningsheath<\/em>:\u00a0 E. R. Kelly, Postoffice Directory of Norfolk &amp; Suffolk, page 710<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Face<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_12822\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12822\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12822 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2168-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Seal-cropped-1024x778.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2168-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Seal-cropped-1024x778.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2168-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Seal-cropped-150x114.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2168-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Seal-cropped-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2168-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Seal-cropped-768x583.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12822\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Face. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Fold (Partly Lifted), Pendant Tail or Tag, and Fragmentary Seal (Dorse)<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_12820\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12820\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12820 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2171-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Exposed-Flaps-cropped-1024x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2171-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Exposed-Flaps-cropped-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2171-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Exposed-Flaps-cropped-150x117.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2171-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Exposed-Flaps-cropped-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2171-Boston-Preston-Charter-7-Face-with-Exposed-Flaps-cropped-768x598.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12820\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Face and Dorse of Seal. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Another View of the Text (As we first saw it in photographs and first published it)<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5652 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200.jpg\" alt=\"The deed of sale of of land at Preston circa 1200 with its tag (for a seal) severed, and with the seal missing. The owner acquired it in this sad state.\" width=\"1032\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200.jpg 1032w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-150x77.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/prsposter1-2-Deed-of-sale-of-land-at-Preston-circa-1200-1024x528.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1032px) 100vw, 1032px\" \/><\/a>The text is entered upon the whitish flesh side of the animal skin, with the yellowed hair side turned to the recto. The sheet has rough edges, unevenly trimmed. The text is laid out in a single, long column of 12 lines written by a professional.\u00a0 At the bottom of the sheet, the front-facing fold provides scope to nest the lacing of the tab to take the wax seal.\u00a0 The lacing passes through a set of roughly horizontal slits in the sheet, by entering the front of the fold and disappearing into it, to re-emerge at the bottom. Simple, once one has the hang of it.<\/p>\n<p>Above the seal, the tag is slit vertically into 2 tails.\u00a0 One of them holds the seal.\u00a0 The other twists around it to wrap around the first below its span, as a form of lock or closure.<\/p>\n<h3>The Seal<\/h3>\n<p>The seal came into our view only after our first blogpost on the pair of Preston charters (<a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>), when it became possible to see the objects as a group in person.\u00a0 (Photos above.)<\/p>\n<p>About 1\/2 of the rounded, probably circular, seal survives.\u00a0 It retains part of both the <em>legend<\/em> (text) around the rim and the <em>device<\/em> (image) within the central field.\u00a0 The dorse of the seal forms a lump-like mound.\u00a0 The face of the seal presents a partial inscription in Latin in continuous Lombard Capitals, with no word division, leading to the personal name GILBERTVS in some form, presumably the nominative <em>Gilbertus<\/em> or genitive <em>Gilberti <\/em>(&#8220;Gilbert&#8217;s&#8221;).\u00a0 The preceding letters belong, apparently, to a genitive name ending in &#8211;<em>i<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[.]W[G? or H?]IGILBERT[..].<\/p>\n<p>The remnant of the inscription includes neither the opening nor closure of the legend, such as a customary cross or asterisk, while the accompanying image implies that this view of the seal is upside down.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12892\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12892\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12892 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-1024x661.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12892\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Seal Face with the name Gilbert.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Turned the other way, the image may be seen to depict the lower 2\/3 or 3\/4 of an upright human figure wearing an ankle-length tunic and perhaps having outstretched or upraised arms.\u00a0 Elements of vertical framework stand to either side, perhaps as an architectural arcade?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12893\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12893\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12893 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-1024x661.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12893\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Seal Face with the name Gilbertus.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Transcription, Translation, and Notes<\/h2>\n<p>We owe this section to the winner of our competition (see the announcement of the competition in <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>, and below).\u00a0 We thank and congratulate him.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greensburg.pitt.edu\/people\/william-campbell-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William H. Campbell<\/a><br \/>\nDepartment of History<br \/>\nUniversity of Pittsburgh at Greensburg<\/h2>\n<h3>1.\u00a0 Transcription of the Text<br \/>\n(Keeping the line divisions of the original, Adding line numbers, and Expanding the abbreviations,<br \/>\nwith some Notes)<\/h3>\n<p>[Line 1]<\/p>\n<p>Sciant presentes et futuri Quod Ego Anselmus Cutellarius Sancti Edmundi Dedi et concessi et hac presenta Carta mea confirmavi Ricardo filio Wlri[-]<\/p>\n<p>cii De Preston pro homagio et servitio suo unam acram et una [<em>sic<\/em> for <em>unam<\/em>] Rodam terre cum pertinentiis suis sive habetur magis sive minus<\/p>\n<p>in villa de preston\u2019. Terra scilicet iacet in campo quem dicitur Horssechrofth iuxta Theminum que venit de Ecclesia de Preston\u2019 et tendit<\/p>\n<p>super pratum de Madwehaegh. et habutat<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> super terram Prioris Sancte trinitatis de Gyppewic\u2019 in Longum in Latitudine vero iacet<\/p>\n<p>[Line 5]<\/p>\n<p>versus orientem et occidentem. Habenda et tenenda de me et heredibus meis ille et heredes sui et sui assignati. Et cui dare et<\/p>\n<p>assignare voluerit praeter domum religionis. libere. quiete. Integre. hereditarie. finabiliter. Reddendo inde annuatim<\/p>\n<p>mihi et heredibus meis ille et suus assignatus iiii<sup>or<\/sup> denarios ad duos terminos anni scilicet ad festum Sancti Michaeli ii denarios et ad<\/p>\n<p>pascha ii denarios per omni servicio et consuetudine auxiliis et demand[abil]is. Salvo servicio domini Regis scilicet ad scutagium de xx<sup>ti<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>solidi iii ob&#8217; et ad plus plus et ad minus minus.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0 Pro hac autem donationem et Cartis mee confirmationem dedit mihi predictus Ricardus<\/p>\n<p>[Line 10]<\/p>\n<p>xii solidi in Gersumiam<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a> et vi denarii. Et ego predictus Anselmus et heredes mei Warentizabimus predicto Ricardo et suis assignatis et here[-]<\/p>\n<p>dibus assignatorum suorum predictam terram per predictam servitiam contra omnes Homines et feminas hiis testibus. T[h]om[as] de Ochelee.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a> Nicho[las]<\/p>\n<p>?uitsth. Willelmo mel.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[5]<\/a> Rogero mel. Hugoni mel. Godefrido filio herberti. Alexandro filio godefridi. Radulfo filio Wlrici. Willelmo clerico<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[6]<\/a> de Waltham\u2019. Et multis aliis.<\/p>\n<h4>Translation (Highlighting Personal and Place Names in Bold)<\/h4>\n<p>Let all present and future persons know that I, <strong>Anselm Cutler of St Edmund<\/strong>, have given and conceded and by this present charter confirmed to <strong>Richard son of Ulrich of Preston<\/strong>, for his homage and service, one acre and one rod of land, together with its appurtenances, both great and small, in the <strong>vill of Preston<\/strong>. Namely, the land lying in the <strong>field<\/strong> that is called <strong>Horssechroft next to Theminum<\/strong>, which comes from the <strong>church of Preston<\/strong> and extends up to the <strong>meadow of Madwehaegh<\/strong>, and abuts upon<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> the land of the <strong>Prior of Holy Trinity, Ipswich<\/strong>, in length and breadth, that is, lying across east and west; for him [<strong>Richard<\/strong>] and his heirs and his assigns to have and to hold from me and my heirs, and to whomever he shall wish to assign and give it (excluding a religious house), freely, quietly, entirely, hereditably, and forever; he and his assigns rendering annually to me and to my heirs four pence at the two terms of the year, namely two pence at Michaelmas and two pence at Easter, for all service and custom, aids and things that may be demanded, except service to the lord <strong>King<\/strong>, namely, a scutage of 20 shillings three ha&#8217;pennies (more if more, less if less).<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a> For this grant and charter the foresaid <strong>Richard<\/strong> has given to me 12 shillings in fine<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a> and six pence.\u00a0 And I, the foresaid <strong>Anselm<\/strong>, and my heirs, guarantee to the foresaid <strong>Richard<\/strong> and his assigns and to the\u00a0 heirs of his assigns the foresaid land through the foresaid service against all men and women. These things being attested by<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><strong>Thomas of Ochelee<\/strong>,<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Nicholas ?uistch<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>William mel<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[5]<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Roger mel<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Hugh mel<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Godfrey son of Herbert<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Alexander son of Godfrey<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Ralph son of Ulrich<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>William, clerk,<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[6]<\/a> of Waltham<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\">And many others.<\/p>\n<p>_____<\/p>\n<h4>Notes<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><em>\u00a0Habutat<\/em> is a rare word that does not appear in R. E. Lathan&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmlbs.ox.ac.uk\/web\/word-list.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Revised Medieval Latin Word-List from British and Latin Sources<\/a> (1965\u20131980).\u00a0 It means &#8220;abut&#8221; and in fact appears to be a back-formation from either the Middle English form of that word or the medieval French cognate that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oed.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Old English Dictionary<\/a> suggests as its source.\u00a0 I have found it used only in a handful of cases, all of them 13th-century English charters, and all for the same purpose, to describe a boundary of a tract of land.\u00a0 Often it occurs with <em>super,<\/em> as here, or <em>ad unum caput<\/em> . . . , as in the second Preston charter [See below], suggesting that these scribes were thinking &#8220;abuts upon&#8221; in English and then Latinized the verb.<\/p>\n<p>Examples from the same area occur in another 13th-century charter preserved in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/eye-priory-cartulary-and-charters\/oclc\/28419025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eye Priory Cartulary and Charters<\/a>, vol. I, pp. 181\u2013185, whose scribe uses <em>habutat<\/em> no fewer than eight times in one long document, including several times the phrase <em>habutat super<\/em> as in the Preston documents. The word shows up once in the cartulary of Sibton Abbey (Suffolk), once in a charter of St Paul&#8217;s Cathedral relating to Acton (west of London), and a Bedfordshire example too \u2014 also all 13th century.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn1\">[2]<\/a> This phrase, which I have rendered here parenthetically, commonly appears in charters as a hedge against the sum named later being determined to be inaccurate.<\/p>\n<p>The previous phrase, <em>iii ob&#8217;<\/em>, should be clarified.\u00a0 Adriano Cappelli&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/eadh.org\/projects\/cappelli-online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lexicon abbreviaturarum<\/a> suggests that this form of <em>ob&#8217;<\/em> should indicate some form of &#8220;obligation&#8221;, but in other charters that I have examined, the phrase <em>et ad plus plus et ad minus minus<\/em> is always and only preceded by a sum of money, not additional phraseology.\u00a0 <em>Ob&#8217;<\/em> thus means <em>obolus<\/em> (or other spelling:\u00a0 Latham&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmlbs.ox.ac.uk\/web\/word-list.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Revised Medieval Latin Word-List<\/a> gives various), a ha&#8217;penny.\u00a0 Three ha&#8217;pennies (iii ob&#8217;) seems an odd way to render the sum of one and a helf pence, so it is tempting to assume that the scribe meant &#8220;three [pence and a] ha&#8217;penny&#8221; and omitted the <em>d<\/em>. for &#8220;pence&#8221;, but the phrase tres obilos, which explicitly indicates three ha&#8217;pennies, shows up in the parallel place in the second Preston charter.\u00a0 (See below.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0According to John Thorley, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.umich.edu\/8278\/documents_in_medieval_latin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Documents in Medieval Latin<\/a>, p. 58, <em>gersuma<\/em> (and similar:\u00a0 Latham&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmlbs.ox.ac.uk\/web\/word-list.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Revised Medieval Latin Word-List<\/a> lists more than a dozen different spellings) can mean &#8220;fine&#8221; or &#8220;payment&#8221; more broadly, or more narrowly, &#8220;merchet&#8221;.\u00a0 The broader definition seems more appropriate here.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn2\">[4]<\/a> Possibly <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otley,_Suffolk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otley<\/a>, six miles NNE of Ipswich, about 17 miles east of Preston.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Possibly <em>mel<\/em>. is <em>sic<\/em> for <em>mil<\/em>., which would mean \u201cknight\u201d, but it may be three men with the same surname beginning with <em>mel<\/em>.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melton,_Suffolk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melton<\/a>, (Long) Melford, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mellis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mellis<\/a> are all place-names in Suffolk (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/vch\/suff\/vol2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VCH Suffolk vol.II<\/a>).\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_Melford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Long Melford<\/a> is only 6 miles away, and for such a small land transaction, near neighbors would be the most natural witnesses.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0In the 13th century, this term is ambiguous.\u00a0 It could mean a cleric in minor orders or a literate man (not necessarily in orders) who performs such tasks as keeping the manor court roll and writing out charters.\u00a0 (A given individual could, of course, be both of these things at the same time.)\u00a0 If the latter is intended, this man could well be our scribe himself.\u00a0 By the late 13th century, as surnames became more fixed, it could simply be a family name, but this seems likely given the earlier date of this charter.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h3>Gilbert&#8217;s Seal<\/h3>\n<p>The fragmentary seal on Preston Charter &#8216;2&#8217;\/<strong>5<\/strong> names and perhaps depicts a <em>Gilbert.\u00a0<\/em> To judge by the remnants of lettering which precede the name, the seal does not concern a <em>Saint Gilbert<\/em> \u2014he would presumably be <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilbert_of_Sempringham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gilbert of Sempringham<\/a> (circa 1085 \u2013 4 February 1190), the English founder of the Ghibertine Order. Who knows, the fragmentary central figure of the seal, gesturing with upraised arms in praise or prayer, might depict a devout or holy figure on whose behalf the seal-owner might wish intercession and\/or benevolence.<\/p>\n<p>Note that none of the persons named in the charter is a Gilbert.\u00a0 It is not impossible that use of the seal had passed into the hands of one or other of the named individuals \u2014 a pattern not unheard of in the medieval period.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h3>Next Case:\u00a0 Charter Number &#8216;2&#8217; or Preston Charter 5<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Deed of Sale of Land at <em>Horsemeso<\/em><br \/>\nby Amica, daughter of Albred,<br \/>\nto Beatrice, daughter of Albred, merchant of Preston<\/h3>\n<p>Our next document, likewise undated, also relates to Preston. This one is mid-13th century, to judge by the script.\u00a0 It is written in a single column of 16 long lines by a professional scribe.\u00a0 It has the same type of fold-over, the same sorts of unevenly trimmed edges, and the same sort of laced tag.<\/p>\n<p>But here the seal was fixed to the tag much closer to the document, and it was provided \u2014 at some time or other \u2014 with a plain-weave rounded textile pouch, made of undyed cloth (probably linen).\u00a0 Intended to cover and protect the original seal, the pouch remains mostly intact, but empty.\u00a0 A cut edge along its bttom has been closed (more or less) with a strip of masking tape (modern), not applied by the current owner.\u00a0 Of the seal itself, there remains not much trace, apart, perhaps, from the size and shape of the pouch.<\/p>\n<h4>Dorse<\/h4>\n<p>Besides the modern number <strong>5<\/strong> at top left, the dorse carries a 2-line inscription above the tag.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12802\" style=\"width: 986px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12802\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12802 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1-976x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"976\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1-976x1024.jpg 976w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1-143x150.jpg 143w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1-286x300.jpg 286w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1-768x806.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2126-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Dorse-Cropped-1.jpg 1776w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12802\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Dorse. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The docketing inscription written in 2 lines above the tag names the grantor, her father, and a location (hers, his, or the transaction&#8217;s).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Amica filia Albredi<\/em><br \/>\n<em>de Prestone<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Amica daughter of Albred<br \/>\nof [or concerning?] Preston<\/p>\n<h4>Face<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_12804\" style=\"width: 972px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12804\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12804 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped-962x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"962\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped-962x1024.jpg 962w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped-141x150.jpg 141w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped-282x300.jpg 282w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped-768x818.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2174-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-Cropped.jpg 1668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Face. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Fold, Tag, and Empty Pouch<\/h4>\n<p>The inside fold-line of the sheet carries a single line of script, set upside-down with relation to the main text.\u00a0 To the left of the seal, the ink of these letters extends in streaks to the edge of the flap.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12810\" style=\"width: 2202px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12810\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12810 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2192\" height=\"2552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped.jpg 2192w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped-129x150.jpg 129w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped-768x894.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2179-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-partly-lifted-Cropped-880x1024.jpg 880w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2192px) 100vw, 2192px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Face. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12807\" style=\"width: 906px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12807\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12807 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-896x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-896x1024.jpg 896w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-131x150.jpg 131w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-768x878.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12807\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Face. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>A First Run<\/h4>\n<p>The abandoned line of script, now upside-down within the fold, represents a first run at the opening line of a document.\u00a0 This one?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13027\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13027\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-13027 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right-1024x469.jpg\" alt=\"Preston Charter 5, Face, Interior of Fold, Right-Hand Side. Abandoned first line of text of a document, viewed upright..\" width=\"1024\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right-1024x469.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right-150x69.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5283-Preston-Charter-5-Script-within-Fold-at-Right.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13027\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5, Face, Interior of Fold, Right-Hand Side. Abandoned first line of text of a document, viewed upright.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>The Pouch<\/h4>\n<p>A close look at the pouch reveals its cuts or tears at top and bottom, as well as frayed threads.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12789\" style=\"width: 1027px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12789\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12789 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped-1017x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1017\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped-1017x1024.jpg 1017w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped-768x773.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2199-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Bag-cropped.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1017px) 100vw, 1017px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Pouch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>We could guess the approximate original size of the seal by the diameter of the pouch.\u00a0 The shape implies a circular seal.\u00a0 Perhaps it survives in some other collection, and its existence may be recognized.\u00a0 If, say, it belonged to the vendor, Amicia, it would belong to the corpus of medieval English seals with female owners.<\/p>\n<p>The view of the Face as we first published it:<a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/zoo13poster-16-Document-with-bag.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5654 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/zoo13poster-16-Document-with-bag.jpg\" alt=\"zoo13poster 16 Document with bag\" width=\"671\" height=\"739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/zoo13poster-16-Document-with-bag.jpg 671w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/zoo13poster-16-Document-with-bag-136x150.jpg 136w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/zoo13poster-16-Document-with-bag-272x300.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The inner fold encloses and mostly hides a line of text written in the original hand. Visible within the fold, it stands to the right of the seal-tag; its show-through appears on the forward-folded dorse. The area to the left within the fold remains blank.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12806\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12806\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12806 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more-1024x924.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more-1024x924.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more-150x135.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more-300x271.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more-768x693.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/IMG_2177-Boston-Preston-Charter-5-Face-with-Flap-Lifted-at-Right-Cropped-more.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 5 Face. Lifted Fold. Photograph Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Transcription and Translation<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">William H. Campbell<\/h3>\n<h3>1.\u00a0 Transcription<\/h3>\n<p>[Line 1]<\/p>\n<p>Sciant presentes et future quod Ego Amicia filia Albredi de preston In pura et in legitima viduitate mea concessi<\/p>\n<p>Dedi et hac presenta mea carta confirmavi Beat[ri]ci filiae albredi mercator&#8217; de preston&#8217; pro homagio et servicio suo et<\/p>\n<p>pro tribus solidi argenti quos michi dedit Ing'[?] firma[?] unam acram et unam rodam terre in villa de preston cum suis pertinen&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>iacent&#8217; in campo qui vocator Horsemeso. [???] Iuxta viam que venit de ecclesia de preston et tendit versus medwehe&#8217;g.<\/p>\n<p>[Line 5]<\/p>\n<p>et habutat ad unum capud&#8217; super terra priori sancte trinitatis de Gypwc&#8217;. et aliud capud&#8217; super viam que tendit versus<\/p>\n<p>predictam medweheg&#8217;.\u00a0 Habend&#8217; et tenend&#8217; de me et heredibus meis vel de meis assignatis predicte Beatrici et heredibus<\/p>\n<p>suis et suis ssignatis et eorum heredibus libere et Quiete.\u00a0 Bene. In pace Integre et hereditarie, Domo Religionis excepto.<\/p>\n<p>Reddendo inde annuatim michi et heredibus meis vel meis assignatis quatuor denarios ad Duos terminos anni<\/p>\n<p>Sicilicet ad festum sancti Michaelis archangeli duos denarios et ad pasch&#8217; Duos denarios pro omnibus servit&#8217; consuetud&#8217; auxiliis<\/p>\n<p>[Line 10]<\/p>\n<p>et omnibus secularibus demand&#8217;.\u00a0 Salvo servicia domini Regis scilicet ad scutagium viginti solidi cum communiter per Anglia . . .<\/p>\n<p>. . .<\/p>\n<p>Et aliis.<\/p>\n<h3>2.\u00a0 Translation<\/h3>\n<p>Let all present and future persons know that I, <strong>Amicia, daughter of Albred of Preston<\/strong>, have given and conceded and by this, my present charter confirmed to <strong>Beatrice, daughter of Alwred, merchant of Preston,<\/strong> for her homage and service, and for 3 silver shillings <em>quos michi dedit Ing? firma<\/em>? one acre and one rod of land in the vill of Preston together with its appurtenances lying in the field which is called <strong>Horsemeso<\/strong>. [???] next to the road which comes from the <strong>church of Preston<\/strong> and extends toward <strong>Madwehe&#8217;g<\/strong> and abuts at one end upon the land of the <strong>Prior of Holy Trinity, Ipswich<\/strong>, and at the other end upon the road which extends toward the foresaid <strong>Medeweheg&#8217;<\/strong>.\u00a0 For the foresaid <strong>Beatrice<\/strong> and her heirs and her assigns to have and to hold from me and my heirs or my assigns freely and quietly, well, in peace entirely and hereditarily (apart from a religious house).\u00a0 She and her assigns rendering annually to me and my heirs 4 pence at the 2 terms of the year, namely at Michaelmas 2 pence and at Easter 2 pence,<\/p>\n<p>for all service and custom, aids, and things that may be demanded, except service to the lord King, namely a scutage of 20 shillings <em>cum communiter per Anglia<\/em> . . .<\/p>\n<p>And others.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h3>Winning Competition<\/h3>\n<p>With the publication of this blogpost, we announce the award of the book prizes, as proposed in <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/full-court-preston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full Court Preston<\/a>, for transcribing and translating the texts of each of these medieval Latin documents.\u00a0 We offered a choice from these Books for the several challenges relating to the texts and the seals:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0002-Rural-England-1086-1135-1997-at-100-dpi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7121 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0002-Rural-England-1086-1135-1997-at-100-dpi-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"Front cover for 'Rural England, 1086-1135', by Reginald Lennard, in hardback with dustjacket (1959, in special edition for Sandpiper Books, 1997)\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0002-Rural-England-1086-1135-1997-at-100-dpi-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0002-Rural-England-1086-1135-1997-at-100-dpi-99x150.jpg 99w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0002-Rural-England-1086-1135-1997-at-100-dpi-676x1024.jpg 676w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0003-The-Idea-of-the-Castle-in-Medieval-England-2004-at-100-dpi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7122 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0003-The-Idea-of-the-Castle-in-Medieval-England-2004-at-100-dpi-205x300.jpg\" alt=\"Front cover for 'The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England', by Abigail Wheatley, in hardback with dustjacket (2004)\" width=\"205\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0003-The-Idea-of-the-Castle-in-Medieval-England-2004-at-100-dpi-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0003-The-Idea-of-the-Castle-in-Medieval-England-2004-at-100-dpi-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0003-The-Idea-of-the-Castle-in-Medieval-England-2004-at-100-dpi.jpg 645w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0001-Medieval-England-1000-1500-A-Reader-2008-at-100-dpi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7123 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0001-Medieval-England-1000-1500-A-Reader-2008-at-100-dpi-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"Front cover for 'The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England', by Abigail Wheatley, in hardback with dustjacket (1997)\" width=\"203\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0001-Medieval-England-1000-1500-A-Reader-2008-at-100-dpi-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0001-Medieval-England-1000-1500-A-Reader-2008-at-100-dpi-101x150.jpg 101w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/SCN_0001-Medieval-England-1000-1500-A-Reader-2008-at-100-dpi.jpg 603w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The choices:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reginald Lennard, <em>Rural England, 1086\u20131135: A Study of Social and Agrarian Conditions<\/em> (1959, in special edition for Sandpiper Books, 1997), in hardback with dustjacket<\/li>\n<li>Abigail Wheatley, <em>The Idea of the Castle in Medieval England<\/em> (2004), in hardback with dustjacket<\/li>\n<li><em>Medieval England, 1000\u20131500: A Reader<\/em>, edited by Emilie Amt (2008), in paperback<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The Winner<\/h3>\n<p>We announce the award of two prizes, for transcribing and translating the texts of each of these medieval Latin documents, to William H. Campbell.\u00a0 He supplied first one transcription, then the other, with some revisions and further research, as he continued to explore characteristics of the Latinity and its usage in these and related medieval English documents. The results are published above.<\/p>\n<p>We thank our Associate, William, for his dedicated work, and we offer our hearty congratulations.\u00a0 It has been a pleasure to work with him and to learn more about the workings of the texts of the charters in question.\u00a0 Many thanks!<\/p>\n<h3>More to Learn<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_12892\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12892\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12892 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5277-Gilbertus-inverted.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12892\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preston Charter 7 Seal Face with the name Gilbertus.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>We continue to wonder if there might be found<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>another impression, somewhere, of the &#8220;Gilbert Seal&#8221; which survives in part on Preston Charter 7, so that its full features of legend and device (text and image) might be seen<\/li>\n<li>its original Seal Matrix, from which any impressions would have been made, including this one<\/li>\n<li>the Lost Seal from Preston Charter 5<\/li>\n<li>Seals or Seal Matrices belonging to any of the Witnesses named in either charter<\/li>\n<li>other records which mention the people named as vendor, buyer, or witnesses in those charters<\/li>\n<li>other documents written by their scribes<\/li>\n<li>the missing Charters 1\u20134 and\/or Charter 8 \u2014 or any possible Charter 14 and higher? \u2014 of this consecutively numbered sequence of Preston Charters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We look forward to learning more.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p>We thank the owner of the documents for permission to reproduce the images and to invite further research.<\/p>\n<p>We look forward to your suggestions.\u00a0 You can contact us via <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/contact-us\" target=\"\">Contact Us<\/a> or our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Research-Group-on-Manuscript-Evidence-259443617456668\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Facebook Page<\/a>. Comments here are welcome too.<\/p>\n<p>More to Come. See our <a href=\"http:\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manuscript Studies Contents List<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[Now see <a href=\"http:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org.\/wpme\/preston-charters-continued\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preston Charters Continued<\/a>.]<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revisiting a Set of 13th-Documents in Latin from Preston in Suffolk With a Winning Competition In our earlier blogpost on this subject, Full Court Preston, we showcased 2 single-sheet documents which came from a shared location, from dates there separated across generations, and with or without their original seals. We called them Preston Charters 1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[678,1],"tags":[1715,1714,1725,1713,1712,22,1710,1632,1711,785,1716],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7608"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7608"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12924,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7608\/revisions\/12924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}