{"id":17840,"date":"2023-08-13T04:56:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-13T04:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/?p=17840"},"modified":"2025-11-17T01:46:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T01:46:11","slug":"a-13th-century-pocket-vulgate-bible-at-smith-college","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/a-13th-century-pocket-vulgate-bible-at-smith-college\/","title":{"rendered":"A 13th-Century Pocket Vulgate Bible at Smith College"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">A Thirteenth-Century Pocket Vulgate Bible<br \/>\nat Smith College:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8220;The Dimock Bible&#8221;<\/span><br \/>\n(Mortimer Rare Book Collection MS 240)<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Hannah Goeselt<br \/>\n<em>RGME Guestblogger<\/em><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>[<em>Posted on 30 October 2023<\/em>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Note<\/em>:\u00a0 For this Blogpost, we welcome Guest Blogger, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannah-goeselt-034818b0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hannah Goeselt<\/a>, who reports on a manuscript which first caught her attention when examining manuscripts at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smith.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smith College<\/a> in Northampton, Massachusetts, as part of her undergraduate studies.\u00a0 Now, having recently finished an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simmons.edu\/graduate\/academic-programs\/graduate-and-certificate-programs\/library-and-information-science-cultural-heritage-informatics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MS at Simmons University in Library and Information Science<\/a> (Cultural Heritage Informatics), she offers a guided tour to this book deserving wider attention and further resea<span style=\"color: #000000;\">rch.\u00a0 We thank her for her contribution and invite you to join this guided tour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">As part of the tour, Hannah showcases the manuscript for its interest in its own right, and also, as she says, &#8220;to use it as an example of how one might go about using some of the online research tools out there to assist in manuscript studies&#8221;.\u00a0 Accordingly, she includes &#8220;everything from the De Ricci census, Conway\u2013Davis directory, Schoenberg database, and Digital Scriptorium (with Smith&#8217;s own consortium database)&#8221;, as well as the Grolier Club, &#8220;which played an important part in assessing the content of the auction catalogs mentioned in Schoenberg&#8221;. Brava!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Over to you, Hannah . . .<\/p>\n<h2>Our Guest Manuscript:<br \/>\nMortimer Rare Book Collection MS 240<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_18409\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18409\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-18409 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0EA1AF4B-53DF-46FE-AB76-2554F264BEED_1_105_c-181x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"181\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0EA1AF4B-53DF-46FE-AB76-2554F264BEED_1_105_c-181x300.jpeg 181w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0EA1AF4B-53DF-46FE-AB76-2554F264BEED_1_105_c-619x1024.jpeg 619w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0EA1AF4B-53DF-46FE-AB76-2554F264BEED_1_105_c-91x150.jpeg 91w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0EA1AF4B-53DF-46FE-AB76-2554F264BEED_1_105_c.jpeg 689w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 181px) 100vw, 181px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 191v. Historiated initial for the Pauline Epistle to the Ephesians, with outward-looking male face. Photography by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>While taking survey of material pertaining to manuscripts from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Ege\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto F. Ege<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (1888\u20131951)<\/span> in collections across the campus of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smith.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smith College<\/a>, I was <span style=\"color: #000000;\">drawn to this thirteenth-century Pocket Bible, with the pressmark &#8220;<strong>MRBC MS 240&#8243;<\/strong>, and thought it\u2019d be worth initiating a sort of \u201cmeet-and-greet\u201d with this codex. I have a fondness for 13<sup>th<\/sup><\/span>-century <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulgate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latin Vulgate Bibles<\/a>, often noted for their similarities and their contribution to forming our current concept of the Bible\u2019s form<span style=\"color: #000000;\">at.\u00a0 An<\/span>d yet within all that seemingly mass uniformity, on second glance they all contain their own unique qualities and histories.<\/p>\n<p>At the <a href=\"https:\/\/libraries.smith.edu\/special-collections\/about\/mortimer-rare-book-collection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mortimer Rare Book Collection<\/a> (MRBC) at Neilson Library, several jewels of medieval manuscripts among keep this book company, alongside a host of fragments.\u00a0 Notable examples are<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a large-scale <strong>Vulgate Bible<\/strong> written in a single column layout,<\/li>\n<li>a lovely mid-thirteenth-century <strong>French Psalter<\/strong> with early-modern devotional marginalia,<\/li>\n<li>a <strong>Book of Hours<\/strong> associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_the_Good\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philip the Good<\/a>, Duke Philip III of Burgundy (1306\u20141467, duke from 1419).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>All three of these have featured on posts in Peter Kidd\u2019s blog on <a href=\"https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Medieval Manuscripts Provenance<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cA 13<sup>th<\/sup>-Century Bible from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beauvais\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beauvais<\/a> at Smith College\u201d<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/a-13th-century-bible-from-beauvais-at.html\" class=\"broken_link\">https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/a-13th-century-bible-from-beauvais-at.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201cA French 13<sup>th<\/sup>-Century Psalter at Smith College\u201d<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2015\/07\/a-french-13th-century-psalter-at-smith.html\" class=\"broken_link\">https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2015\/07\/a-french-13th-century-psalter-at-smith.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201cAn Unrecognised Book of Hours Made for Philip the Good [Part I]\u201d<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/an-unrecognised-book-of-hours-made-for.html\" class=\"broken_link\">https:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/an-unrecognised-book-of-hours-made-for.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>They, along with many others, are available on the <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-scriptorium.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Scriptorium<\/a> web<span style=\"color: #000000;\">site.\u00a0 However<\/span> more recently the collections have also been added to the <a href=\"https:\/\/compass.fivecolleges.edu\/collections\/mortimer-rare-book-collection-1?page=2&amp;islandora_solr_search_navigation=0&amp;f%5B0%5D=collection_membership.pid_ms%3A%22smith%5C%3Ascsc%5C-%5C-mrbc%22&amp;display=grid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Five College Compass<\/a> website, where MS 240 has joined them with a full digitizatio<span style=\"color: #000000;\">n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/compass.fivecolleges.edu\/object\/smith:1365930\">https:\/\/compass.fivecolleges.edu\/object\/smith:1365930<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(apart from its folio 1r, which I show here).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For users of the <strong>Smith College Libraries<\/strong> database (Students, Faculty, Staff, Community Borrowers), this is internal Permalink for <a href=\"https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;AuthType=ip,sso&amp;db=cat09206a&amp;AN=scf.oai.edge.fivecolleges.folio.ebsco.com.fs00001006.9b69eb92.eb67.5c09.a0a9.a1ef0cc77795&amp;site=eds-live&amp;scope=site&amp;custid=s8897501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">the manuscript<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Let us, for the duration of this post, call it the <strong>Dimock Bible<\/strong>, as referred to in the <a href=\"https:\/\/bibsocamer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conway-Davis-Directory-11.2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Directory of Collections in the United States and Canada with Pre-1600 Manuscript Holdings<\/a> (pages 52 and 62) by Melissa Conway and Lisa Fagin Davis, and due to the family name associated with its recent ownership. Within the library record, we see th<span style=\"color: #000000;\">at the cataloger <\/span>of this manuscript has done wonderful work in linking the manuscript to two very important sources that will help us in our search for more information.<\/p>\n<p>Upon opening, we are met by\u00a0the first page of the Bible text, which opens the preface to the bible unit itself by its translator\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerome<\/a>\u00a0(circa\u2009342\u2013347 \u2013 420), who produced the Latin <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulgate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vulgate Version<\/a>. This image is omitted in the digital facsimile, though one can see a painted\u00a0offset on the verso of the preceding leaf.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18249\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18249\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-18249 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimock-Bible-Genesis-Opening-photo-HG-690x1024.jpg\" alt=\"First page of the Dimock Bible, with two columns of text which begin the preface &quot;Frater Ambrosius&quot; describing the Latin translation\/\" width=\"690\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimock-Bible-Genesis-Opening-photo-HG-690x1024.jpg 690w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimock-Bible-Genesis-Opening-photo-HG-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimock-Bible-Genesis-Opening-photo-HG-101x150.jpg 101w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimock-Bible-Genesis-Opening-photo-HG.jpg 728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 1r. Opening of Jerome&#8217;s preface &#8216;Frater Ambrosius&#8217; for the bible unit. Photograph by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>\u201cThe Dimock Bible\u201d:<br \/>\nFrom George Edward<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> Dimock, Father and Son,<br \/>\nto Smith C<\/span>ollege<\/h2>\n<p>Looking at the metadata, we can see the manuscript was recorded in 1937 by Seymour de Ricci (1881-1942) under <strong>Dimock<\/strong> in his <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/dericci2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada<\/a>, as number 1159.\u00a0 Looking up the <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/dericci2\/page\/n71\/mode\/2up?q=Dimock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entry<\/a>, we see it comes with an introduction:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">The owner kindly informs us that he has inherited from his father five early manuscript items, which he lists as follows:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">[1] Bible, extensively illuminated, having belonged before 1676 to <strong>Cardinal Benedetto Odescalchi<\/strong>, later <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Innocent_XI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pope <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Innocent<\/span> XI<\/a> (1676\u20131689) . . . (<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/dericci2\/page\/n71\/mode\/2up?q=Dimock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page 1159<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17846\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17846\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17846 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365932_JP2_43116c1b3798a98a1dc4f5353be14b709853bc5ad988a16c5385f0aea714a3e1-206x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365932_JP2_43116c1b3798a98a1dc4f5353be14b709853bc5ad988a16c5385f0aea714a3e1-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365932_JP2_43116c1b3798a98a1dc4f5353be14b709853bc5ad988a16c5385f0aea714a3e1-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365932_JP2_43116c1b3798a98a1dc4f5353be14b709853bc5ad988a16c5385f0aea714a3e1.jpg 657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17846\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northampton, Massachusetts, Smith College, Mortimer Rare Book Collection, MS 240, inside front pastedown with bookplate. Image via https:\/\/compass.fivecolleges.edu\/object\/smith:1365930#page\/2\/mode\/2up.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The \u2018owner\u2019 mentioned in that introduction was one <strong>George Edward Dimock<\/strong> (1891\u20131966), who taught Classics (and tennis) at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pingry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pingry School<\/a> in Elizabeth, New Jersey, where he had been born and was currently living at the time of the <em>Census<\/em>. \u00a0A graduate of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yale_University\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale University<\/a>, he retired as instructor in 1950. His Obituary appeared as <a href=\"https:\/\/timesmachine.nytimes.com\/timesmachine\/1966\/01\/13\/79278831.html?pageNumber=25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;George E. Dimock&#8221;<\/a>, <em>New York Times<\/em> (January 13, 1966), page 25. His wife was <strong>Imogen Kinsey Dimock<\/strong> (1893\u20131985), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vassar.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vassar College<\/a> Class of 1914.<\/p>\n<p>As stated in de Ricci, Dimock had inherited the manuscript along with the rest of the library belonging to his late father, also <strong>George Edward Dimock<\/strong> (1854-1919).\u00a0 It is his bookplate we see on the front inside board over the marbled pastedown.<\/p>\n<p>The elder Dimock, like many men in his family, studied at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yale.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yale University<\/a>, where despite studying medicine he went on to become a stock exchange broker i<span style=\"color: #000000;\">n 1877.\u00a0 Among &#8220;Owners of Incunabula&#8221; listed by the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL), he is listed as <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/owners\/3797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dimock, George Edward<\/a>, with six items all now at Smith College.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In 1881 he would marry <strong>Elizabeth Jordan<\/strong>, an elder sister of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emily_Jordan_Folger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Clara Jordan Folger<\/a> (1859\u20131936), co-founder of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.folger.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Folger Shakespeare Library<\/a>. For an added connection to Smith, their eldest sister, <a href=\"https:\/\/vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu\/distinguished-alumni\/mary-augusta-jordan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Augusta Jordan<\/a> (1855\u20131941), would teach English at Vassar before later becoming one of the formative faculty members in Smith College\u2019s early history.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17889\" style=\"width: 284px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17889\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17889 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Dimock-cropped-more-biographicalreco00yalerich_0095.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Dimock-cropped-more-biographicalreco00yalerich_0095.jpg 274w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Dimock-cropped-more-biographicalreco00yalerich_0095-150x118.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17889\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;George Edward Dimock&#8221;, Biographical Record of the Class of 1874 at Yale College, Page 65, via https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/biographicalreco00yalerich\/page\/64\/mode\/2up.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Of his library, the elder Dimock writes in 1910 for his class\u2019s biography at Yale that \u201ca great interest has always been the collecting of books, and I derive great satisfaction from the contemplation of my library, which, while not notable, contains something of interest for every book-lover.\u201d\u00a0 (\u201cGeorge Edward Dimock\u201d, <em>Biographical Record of the Class of 1874 in Yale College<\/em>, Volume 4:\u00a0 <em>1874\u20131909<\/em> (New Haven:\u00a0 Tuttle, Morehouse &amp; Taylor, 1912), pp. 64\u201367, at <a href=\"https:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?id=uc2.ark:13960\/t8tb11g3d&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">page 67<\/a> via The Hathi Trust, or <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/biographicalreco00yalerich\/page\/64\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page 65<\/a>. via Internet.org).<\/p>\n<p>The second Dimock\u2019s widow, <strong>Imogen Kinsey Dimock<\/strong>, gifted the manuscript, along with several Italian volumes and incunabula containing Bibles, Biblical literature, and other related texts, to Smith in 1968, two years after his passing.<\/p>\n<p>Their son, also named <a href=\"https:\/\/dbcs.rutgers.edu\/all-scholars\/8656-dimock-george-edward-jr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">George Edward Dimock<\/a> (1917\u20132000), had followed in his father\u2019s footsteps, by becoming a professor of Classics, first at Yale<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (<span class=\"field-value \">1948\u20131952<\/span>), then later at Smith College (1952\u20131986).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The Schoenberg Database and Sales Catalogues<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_17847\" style=\"width: 223px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17847\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17847 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365931_JP2_6906280f8e7a3bccd458505924116d696c91120b12636e67d07bc0b7b2e60782-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365931_JP2_6906280f8e7a3bccd458505924116d696c91120b12636e67d07bc0b7b2e60782-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365931_JP2_6906280f8e7a3bccd458505924116d696c91120b12636e67d07bc0b7b2e60782-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/smith_1365931_JP2_6906280f8e7a3bccd458505924116d696c91120b12636e67d07bc0b7b2e60782.jpg 717w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17847\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northampton, Massachusetts, Smith College, Mortimer Rare Book Collection, MS 240, front cover. Image via https:\/\/compass.fivecolleges.edu\/object\/smith:1365930#page\/1\/mode\/2up.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The second link in the record takes us to the (<a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts<\/a> ), a wonderful tool for tracking manuscript provenance, by creating linked entries of past references to a manuscript as it moves through time and different collections. This now allows us to inquire about the appropriate sales catalog to analyze their description.<\/p>\n<p>The Dimock Bible, recorded as <a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/manuscripts\/23713\" target=\"-blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SDBM_MS_23713<\/a>, has four entries associated w<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ith it with Provenance data:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/entries\/239187\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SDBM_239187<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/entries\/237243\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SBDM_237243<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/entries\/8899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SBDM_8899<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Two of them loc<\/span>ate traces of its ownership before the family, the first in 1891 (lot 4) in the sale of the Library of the Late Hon. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geni.com\/people\/George-Wood\/6000000015755212861\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">George Wood<\/a> [(1828-1884)], M.L.C. [Member of the Legislative Council] of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makhanda,_South_Africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grahams Town<\/a>, Cape of Good Hope.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Biblia Latina, Manuscript on Vellum, with numerous initial letters painted in brilliant colours, red morocco extra, with arms of Cardinal Odescalchi in gold as centre ornaments on sides. [<a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/entries\/264062\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lot 4<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>The entry for the manuscript (no. 142) in the catalogue for the auction in June 1903 in London by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson &amp; Hodge of the library of the late W. E. Bools, Es<span style=\"color: #000000;\">q. \u2014 i.e. <strong>William Edwin Bools<\/strong> (1837\u20131902) \u2014 <\/span>of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enderbyhousepub.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enderby House<\/a>, Clapham, describes it thus:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">written in minute but clear gothic letters, double columns of 48 lines, by an Anglo-Norman or Northern French scribe, numerous fine painted strap and other ornamental initials and marginal decorations . . . old Italian red morocco, full gilt floreate back, line and ornamental frame sides, with arms of Card[inal]. Odescalchi afterwards Pope Innocent XI on sides.\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/sdbm.library.upenn.edu\/entries\/8899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no. 142<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>The lengthy title for Bools\u2019s library in the catalogue and the circulation of presale advertisements focused mainly on the collection\u2019s Shakespearean-era literature and other such prominent English writers.<\/p>\n<h2>The Earlier Provenance<br \/>\nand Likely Origin of the Manuscript<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_17848\" style=\"width: 263px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17848\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17848 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-253x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-864x1024.jpg 864w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-126x150.jpg 126w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-768x911.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo-1295x1536.jpg 1295w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Maratta_Cybo.jpg 1668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marseille, Mus\u00e9e des beaux arts. Carlo Maratta (1625-1713), oil on canvas. Portrait (between 1645 and 1658) of Cardinal Alderano Cybo. Image via Wikimedia and Creative Commons 3.0.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The reference to <em>Odescalchi<\/em>, which has allowed others to trace the manuscript into the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, is based on the red leather <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/armorial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">armorial<\/a> binding: a <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Cardinals%27_coats_of_arms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cardinal\u2019s typical wide-brimmed hat and tiered tassels over the family device<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But the identification to that family was found to be incorrect, and has since changed, upon further investigation of the device, to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alderano_Cybo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cardinal Alderano Cybo \/ Cibo \/ Cybo-Malaspina<\/a> (1613\u20131700; Cardinal from 1645). Belonging to member of a family from the Italian aristocracy in the region of Genoa, his <a href=\"http:\/\/www.araldicavaticana.com\/cx153.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arms<\/a> still have a papal connection, as this individual served as Cardinal Secretary of State to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Innocent_XI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pope Innocent XI<\/a>, born Benedetto Odescalchi (1611\u20131689).<\/p>\n<p>With the mis-attribution in mind, one begins to wonder what else about these descriptions were in error. The assertion<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> regarding <\/span>the scribe as Anglo-Norman of Northern French origin assumes increased intere<span style=\"color: #000000;\">st when we look throug<\/span>h the manuscript, since its script and decoration, like its binding, seem much more Italian in origin than French. If you would allow me to indulge in this theory (and I welcome other potential ideas), this observation could well challenge the ways that we view and research this bible.<\/p>\n<p>In the script, the hands gravitate towards a Southern <em>textualis <\/em>than its more angular, Northern sibling <a href=\"https:\/\/hmmlschool.org\/latin-gothic\/\">Gothic textualis<\/a>. This preference accompanies the consistent use of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tironian_notes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tironian<\/a> \u2018et\u2019 (\u201cand\u201d) with no crossbar, and an ad-hoc approach to whether its<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> chapters for biblical books a<\/span>re set in the margins or within the text-block. We will return to details about the chapters in a moment.<\/p>\n<p>From an aesthetic standpoint though, it is the decorated initials that have the softer edges and palette I\u2019ve come to associate with Italian production. One might compare its initials with these examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genesis in MS 6 of the University of Edinburgh, <a href=\"https:\/\/images.is.ed.ac.uk\/luna\/servlet\/s\/sdqr17\">MS 6<\/a> (such as folios 148v\u2013149r)<\/li>\n<li>the Morgan\u2019s MS M.178: New York, Morgan Library, <a href=\"http:\/\/ica.themorgan.org\/manuscript\/thumbs\/77084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MS M.178<\/a>, such as folio f.147v<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Decorated and Animated Initials<\/h2>\n<p>While technically the book is not \u201cilluminated\u201d or even <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Historiated_initial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201chistoriated\u201d<\/a>, with illustrations of figural scenes as such, it does indeed have initials painted in brilliant color: \u00a0vibrant blues, greens, shades of red-orange and pink-purple, all accented in white penwork. The letters terminate in simple foliate designs as well as human body parts, the initials as likely to sprout multi-colored leaves as an arm, bare foot, or figure\u2019s face. This is fairly consistent throughout the save four examples.<\/p>\n<p>There are two zoomorphic initials made up of the twisted limbs of fearsome dragons made to resemble their opening letter.\u00a0 The more impressive of the two marks the beginning of the <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Proverbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book of Proverbs<\/a>. <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Within its border, this creature adopts the form of the letter <em>P<\/em> (for <em>Parabole<\/em>), as it curls its long neck to bite its own leg, while raising its offside leg and offside wing.\u00a0 The spread tail-feathers almost resemble rays of light beaming behind the beast.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17878\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17878\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17878 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/proverbs-dragon.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17878\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 25v. Proverbs Initial with Dragon. Photography by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Two more inhabited initials feature respectively another dragon hanging by its neck to form the tail of the \u2018<em>Q<\/em>\u2019 opening <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gospel_of_John\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I John<\/a> (\u201cQuod fuit ab initio . . . &#8220;), and a full figure o<span style=\"color: #000000;\">f what I can only assume is t<\/span>he prophet <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeremiah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeremiah<\/a> himself standing w<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ithin the initial <em>V<\/em> of his Book starting \u201cverba hieremi[a]e filii elchi[a]e . . . \u201d. \u00a0 When seen directly in person, the initial is quite small, but in enlarged photographs or under magnification we can s<\/span>ee a bespeckled and bearded elder leaning on a walking stick and contemplating an object \u2014 flower, scroll, or roll? \u2014 which he holds in his hand.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17875\" style=\"width: 788px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17875\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17875 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-778x1024.jpg\" alt=\"The painted Initial letter U encloses a standing figure of a standing male saint with a halo.\" width=\"778\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-778x1024.jpg 778w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-114x150.jpg 114w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-768x1011.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter-1166x1536.jpg 1166w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/jeremaiah-letter.jpg 1303w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17875\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 69v. Jeremiah Initial.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><strong>The Production of Portable Vulgate Bibles<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The distinction between French and Italian features is important because, with a new region or locale in mind, the context of some smaller details pertaining to the manuscript\u2019s usage become of interest.<\/p>\n<p>Portable Vulgate Bibles produced in Italy during the thirteenth century were heavily influenced by the<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/parisbible.github.io\/2021-06-15-what_is_PB\/\">Paris Bible<\/a> <\/span>system, developed in the sphere of the university.\u00a0 The system included a certain ordering of Biblical Books, contained within a single volume, a diminished size for the book and script, the omission of some features, such as the <strong>capitula<\/strong> (or chapter) lists, <span style=\"color: #000000;\">their replacement with the full use of Jerome\u2019s prologues, and an integration of the glossary of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/work_4622\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interpretationes nominum Hebraeorum<\/a> (\u201cInterpretations of Hebrew Words\u201d).\u00a0 More importantly, the <a href=\"https:\/\/parisbible.github.io\/2021-06-15-what_is_PB\/\">Paris Bible<\/a> adopted a chapter system and numbering that has persisted into the present day.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, as the term has sometimes been expressed too loosely, I am taking note of a specific grouping of thirteenth- century bibles defined by Laura Light<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> that proliferated after 1230 and into most of the rest of the century. Not all Bibles of the thirteenth century are Paris Bibles; not even all those made in France are Paris Bibles (though a good half of them certainly are), and <em>vice versa<\/em>.\u00a0 Not all Paris Bibles were made in Paris or, for that matter, in France.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As more research on the development and production of thirteenth-century Bibles might reveal all the variations between what, at a cursory glance, may seem a more-or-less consistent genre, we can start to see how manuscripts made further away from locales under the influence of Paris Bibles made do with whatever exemplars were at hand, and\u00a0 are therefore given to<\/span> greater deviation from the ideal laid out by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Ripley_Ker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neil Ker<\/a> (1908\u20131982).<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 These thoughts were greatly improved by observations by Laura Light about such research results, as she described in the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"2023-autumn-symposium-between-earth-and-sky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 Autumn Symposium<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In an article on the subject of Italian vernacular Bibles<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sabina Magrini<\/span><\/span> observes that certain owners, like Italian friars, were accustomed to working with the Paris Bible, and if the text did not match expectations, then a re-adaptation of the manuscript might occur. We see this personalization paralleled throughout the text of the Dimock Bible, where signs of consistent revision to chapter numerals, either erased or added to, are made by a former owner.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Marks of and for Consultation <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Following on that thought, it was these manuscripts made outside of the Paris Bible\u2019s influence (namely <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bologna\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">Bologna<\/a>), or at least partially outside it (as its ordering of books seems to follow the Paris sequence), that would often draw on older or alternative systems<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> of numbering chapters. It was thus up to the reader to bring it into alignment with the modern system.\u00a0 We see frequent evidence of this practice throughout the book, with an &#8216;I&#8217; added to the end of a numeral, partial or wholly rubbed out chapter numbers, or simply an amended version placed in the<\/span> margins.<\/p>\n<p>Divisions mostly occur at the same placement as new system, and most +alterations are only off the standard by several numbers, as noted in this page from Proverbs, where a reader has used + erasure and a black ink to change the +roman numerals to 20, 21, and 22\u00a0 +(XX, XXI, and XXII) from an initial state which seems to have been marked as 17, 18, and 19 (XVII, XVIII, XIX).<\/p>\n<p>While we are on this page I hope you will also admire, in the bottom margin, the red pen drawing of what looks like a crane or egret, holding in its bill a little le<span style=\"color: #000000;\">af which descends fr<\/span>om the foliate tip of the initial M in the last line.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17884\" style=\"width: 372px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17884\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17884 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/egret-smith_1365997_JP2_37a4896918dcf45f89c0d5adcb45b9a88c9745ff6826edaa76f294e7cd4f24b6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/egret-smith_1365997_JP2_37a4896918dcf45f89c0d5adcb45b9a88c9745ff6826edaa76f294e7cd4f24b6.jpg 362w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/egret-smith_1365997_JP2_37a4896918dcf45f89c0d5adcb45b9a88c9745ff6826edaa76f294e7cd4f24b6-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/egret-smith_1365997_JP2_37a4896918dcf45f89c0d5adcb45b9a88c9745ff6826edaa76f294e7cd4f24b6-111x150.jpg 111w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17884\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 29v. Egret in the margin. Image via smith_1365997_JP2_37a4896918dcf45f89c0d5adcb45b9a88c9745ff6826edaa76f294e7cd4f24b6.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This Bible does not contain the <em>Interpretationes<\/em>, not even as a consequence of more missing sections, which it certainly did acquire. The major loss of sections is not noted in any of its auction descriptions, though this omission might be inferred from its foliation that only counts its 214 medieval leaves, and affirmed in the catalog record contents that states Exodus through Psalms completely missing.<\/p>\n<p>The manuscript has clearly seen much use in its day, seen in a number of annotations that are worth looking into, including lists of numbered references in several different hands. Multiple fine examples occur of one of the more memorable forms of note-taking in the middle ages, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nota_bene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cnota bene\u201d<\/a> mark \u2014 <span style=\"color: #000000;\">a monogram made<\/span> out of the letters forming the word \u2018nota\u2019, urging the reader to take special note of the text it is placed <span style=\"color: #000000;\">next to.<\/span> The Dimock Bible is full of such symbols, occasionally varying in form, but clearly signaling an attendant reader (<span style=\"color: #000000;\">or <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">probably<\/span> <\/span>a series of readers) that<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> might wish <\/span>to come back to certain passages again and again.<\/p>\n<p>As only one example among many, next to Isaiah 40:26 we see an asterisk-like mark which stands beside an annotation expanding in the outer margin as \u201cco[n]ve[r]tim[in]i ad me om[ne]s fines terr[a]e quia ego d[omi]n[u]s d[eu]s v[i]r\u2026\u201d (etc., etc.).\u00a0 This mark, made of an oblique stroke over a pair of dots, is one of an identical pair of <a href=\"https:\/\/drc.usask.ca\/projects\/archbook\/signes_de_renvoi.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signes-de-renvoi<\/a>.\u00a0 It signals the start of an &#8216;omission&#8217; added in the margin; its match within the text signals the place where these words fit within the course of the passage. Its twin rests below line 6 of the text, between &#8220;hec. qui<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8220;. (Curiously, that addition does not appear to correspond with missing text at that point.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Further down, the modern <a href=\"https:\/\/sacred-texts.com\/bib\/vul\/isa041.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isaiah ch. 41<\/a> is created out of the rubbed-out remains<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> of the roman numeral XLVIII (48).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17901\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17901\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17901 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1-1024x986.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"986\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1-1024x986.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1-150x144.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1-768x740.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/convertimini-1.jpg 1488w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 62r. Isaiah 40 and marginal annotations. Photography by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>If that weren\u2019t enough, beyond the bible\u2019s textual organization and reading usage, there are two peculiarities that make the manuscript stand out from the crowd.<\/p>\n<h2>Scribal Hands, Blank Leaves,<br \/>\nand a &#8220;Seal Impression&#8221;<br \/>\n\u2014 or, &#8220;Things Found in Books&#8221;<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_17955\" style=\"width: 356px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17955\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17955 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/smith_1365966_JP2_cccb861944ddd714aaa5a781df3ade7433848178eecdb8aaca1640cb27f4ef0b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/smith_1365966_JP2_cccb861944ddd714aaa5a781df3ade7433848178eecdb8aaca1640cb27f4ef0b.jpg 346w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/smith_1365966_JP2_cccb861944ddd714aaa5a781df3ade7433848178eecdb8aaca1640cb27f4ef0b-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/smith_1365966_JP2_cccb861944ddd714aaa5a781df3ade7433848178eecdb8aaca1640cb27f4ef0b-104x150.jpg 104w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17955\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 14r. Image via smith_1365987_JP2_af282895264177048758c4fe965464e8afaa7080844dc41e5f35586dbc167837.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A quire in the Book of Genesis is done by a different hand (see <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/mysteriesinthemargins.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/04\/genesis-anomaly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Genesis Anomaly<\/a>), with wildly different decoration to go with it \u2014 such as this wolf that forms the <em>U (or V)<\/em> of V<em>enit<\/em> in Genesis 35:6 (&#8220;Venit igit[ur] iacob luzam qu[a]e . . . &#8220;).\u00a0 With an upright back, the creature spreads its forelegs beside the text and raises its tail to foliate terminals above the top line.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>These leaves ap<span style=\"color: #000000;\">pear to have been added early in the history of the use of the book, due<\/span> to the presence of marginal notation in the same medieval hand as other sections, if only to make brief comments and manually add in chapter numeration. The chapters are a necessary addition on the user\u2019s part, as the original schema for this quire has none.<\/p>\n<p>Three blank leaves, containing ruled lines but never written on, precede the continuation of the first program of artist and script, now beginning the Book of Proverbs. It remains unclear why the added material did not continue on with the other missing books. One possible theory that could account for the missing book portions despite the added quire is that the outlier came from a separate manuscript entirely, and was the result of an attempt to supplement missing material from the main codex at a fairly early point in its history, enough to have some of its marginalia included in this section.<\/p>\n<p>The issue at hand comes down to whether this quire was made specifically to repopulate this V<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ulgate manuscript o<\/span>r if it was scavenged from another source entirely. If more quires existed, it would account for at least one mystery of the bible, as this outlier quire is stamped with its own history separate to being bound within this current volume.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17873\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17873\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17873 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-1024x818.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-1024x818.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-300x240.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-150x120.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-768x613.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-1536x1227.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/impression-2048x1636.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fols. 24v-25r, with impression on page facing the opening of the Prologue to Proverbs. Photography by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_17886\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17886\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17886 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fol-23v-before-Proverbs-cropped-inverted-smith_1365987_JP2_af282895264177048758c4fe965464e8afaa7080844dc41e5f35586dbc167837.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fol-23v-before-Proverbs-cropped-inverted-smith_1365987_JP2_af282895264177048758c4fe965464e8afaa7080844dc41e5f35586dbc167837.jpg 225w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/fol-23v-before-Proverbs-cropped-inverted-smith_1365987_JP2_af282895264177048758c4fe965464e8afaa7080844dc41e5f35586dbc167837-129x150.jpg 129w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, fol. 23v, detail. &#8216;Seal&#8217; impression, turned upright. Image via smith_1365987_JP2_af282895264177048758c4fe965464e8afaa7080844dc41e5f35586dbc167837.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The firm outline of a lozenge-shaped impression is visible across the blank leaves, and shows a stark break in book continuit<span style=\"color: #000000;\">y from page to page. When its image is viewed upright, we see a standing figure in a m<\/span>id-length tunic loom just behind a second, kneeling, figure turned away, arms raised in prayer. The first figure holds some kind of tall object in his hand, though the impression is obscured enough that it is unclear as to its nature. Surrounding the two are illegible markings that on its source would become text now just out of our reach.<\/p>\n<p>In the catalog record, the current theory is that this is the result of a pilgrim\u2019s medal. This is certainly not a bad theory, as there is evidence for such object being kept in books (even sewn onto the parchment, as in the case of Getty Museum Ms. 5 f.64)<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. In her blog posts focusing on this mystery, Brittany Osborn prop<span style=\"color: #000000;\">oses that it<\/span> is the effect of a wax seal, with another theory that it is the seal matrix itself<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> (However, as Mildred Budny noted in conversation<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">, a matrix could very well have been pushed into the surface, but its backing would have prevented it from resting between leaves.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Whether a pilgrim badge or seal, it should be reiterated that <span style=\"color: #000000;\">the object itself never rested within the bound book, rather showing through the final leaf of the outlier quire onto its preceding folios without continuing on to Proverbs and the original program, which leaves us with the possible scenario that the object resting underneath the unbound quire, and being left in this spot for some time with a deal of pressure before being added to the rest of the manuscript.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This feature has been previously noted and expanded upon in two posts from Osborn\u2019s blog \u201cManuscripts: Illuminating the Mysteries in the Margins\u201d, as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fivecolleges.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Five College Consortium<\/a>\u2019s study and catalog of its collective holdings (combining that of UMass Amherst, Mount Holyoke, Smith, Amherst, and Hampshire), and initial contributions to <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-scriptorium.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Scriptorium<\/a>. \u00a0Her analysis of the overlapping impressions in the parchment of a vessica-shaped seal may be see<span style=\"color: #000000;\">n in<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/mysteriesinthemargins.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/31\/behind-the-impression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Behind the Impression<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In her<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/mysteriesinthemargins.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/04\/genesis-anomaly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blogpost<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">,<\/span><\/span> Osborn proposed a compelling parallel example of such a seal, found through the \u201cUK detector finds database\u201d, with a pair of full-length human figures in some form of opposition or attendance, respectively standing and kneeling, and a similar size, but not the exact match. (See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukdfd.co.uk\/ukdfddata\/showrecords.php?product=34719&amp;cat=44\" class=\"broken_link\">http:\/\/www.ukdfd.co.uk\/ukdfddata\/showrecords.php?product=34719&amp;cat=44<\/a> \u2014 although currently &#8220;The database is closed for update&#8221; <span style=\"color: #000000;\">[as seen on 6 July 2023, 14 July 2023, 12 August 2023, and 11 October 2023; login required]).<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0 <\/span>I am inclined to agree that the image depicted in the center (the \u201cdevice\u201d), within the scarcely legible inscription (the \u201clegend\u201d), probably comes from the life (or death) of a martyr saint such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Becket\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Becket<\/a> (1118 or 1120 \u2013 1170), Archbishop of Canterbury, or the Protomartyr <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Stephen\" target=\"_blank&quot;\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephen the Deacon<\/a> (5\u201434 CE).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17956\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17956\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17956 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LEIC82C839-by-CC-BY-attribution-license-finds-org-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LEIC82C839-by-CC-BY-attribution-license-finds-org-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LEIC82C839-by-CC-BY-attribution-license-finds-org-150x95.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LEIC82C839-by-CC-BY-attribution-license-finds-org-80x50.jpg 80w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LEIC82C839-by-CC-BY-attribution-license-finds-org.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17956\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portable Antiquities Scheme, ID LEIC82C839. Medieval copper-alloy seal matrix (front and back), found in Leicestershire, along with its seal impression. Image by Creative Commons By attribution, via https:\/\/finds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/899948.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A rather similar approach to the pair of figures appears on a copper alloy seal matrix found in Leicestershire, <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/finds.org.uk\/database\/artefacts\/record\/id\/899948\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">ID 899948<\/a>. Its entry for the Portable Antiquities Scheme describes it thus:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The motif is of a man kneeling in prayer with a standing figure behind, who is standing facing away but with head turned towards the figure and a staff or sword? brandished over his head as if to strike. The image suggests the martyrdom of St.Thomas a Becket?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Further research might reveal more about the object formerly placed between the pages in the Dimock Bible, with its image turned upside-down within the book. For example, depending upon whether it might have been a seal or the matrix which would have formed the mold for seals, the impression as we view it could represent the &#8216;positive&#8217; formed by a matrix, or the &#8216;negative&#8217; produced by a seal. Within the scene, the identity of the object held by the standing figure could determine whether the interaction is benign or destructive.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>An Eras<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ed Ins<\/span>cription<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On the final verso, further potential insight into the manuscript\u2019s provenance leaves us with one more tempting mystery at the end of our meeting with it.\u00a0 Traces of a faint 4-line inscription at the top remain from a statement that probably functioned as an ownership inscription.\u00a0 The statement has been scraped off rather thoroughly, although, even with just the naked eye, ghostly letters make their way to the surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>1) Direct View<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_17871\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17871\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17871 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-150x113.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flyleaf-erased-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17871\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8216;Flyleaf&#8217; Erased = Smith College, MRBC MS 240, folio 214v.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2) <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8216;Inverted&#8217;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_17874\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17874\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17874 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Inverted-flyleaf-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17874\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inverted flyleaf = Smith College, MRBC MS 240, folio 214v. &#8216;Flyleaf&#8217; Erased<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Though I am interested in the possibilities of multi-spectral enhancement with photo manipulation programs, I am far from an expert on the matter. It may take visiting again<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">,<\/span> in p<span style=\"color: #000000;\">erson, with a black light or similar method to reveal anything more legible. Here, I have used the computer program <strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/imagej.net\/ij\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ImageJ<\/a><\/strong> to &#8220;invert&#8221; the colors which has produced clearer letters here and there, but does not approach something that can be fully read.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>To conclude, I hope you have enjoyed this small introduction to what I consider a worthy addition to the corpus of 13<sup>th<\/sup>-century Bibles and their related studies. It just goes to show that even straightforward-seeming genres as this contain hidden depths and unique personalities that, aid<span style=\"color: #000000;\">ed by close examination as well as the d<\/span>igital tools and resources at our disposal, may be coaxed out for our enjoyment.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17972\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17972\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-17972 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-1024x663.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-1024x663.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped-1536x995.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/B8FEF568-23D1-4618-91B4-1A1A677500B4-Dimock-Bible-oblique-view-cropped.jpg 1983w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-17972\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smith College, MRBC MS 240, side view of binding. Photography by Hannah Goeselt.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h2>Acknowledgments<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Many thanks to M. Budny who shared her time, patience, and expertise in a number of points to this blog, including her thoughts on seal matrices and their compositions.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Further Resources<\/h2>\n<p>De Hamel, Christopher. \u201cPortable Bibles of the Thirteenth Century\u201d. In <em>The Book: A History of the Bible<\/em>. London, New York: Phaidon Press, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Light, Laura. The thirteenth century and the Paris Bible\u201d. In <em>New Cambridge History of the Bible<\/em>\u00a0(New Cambridge History of the Bible), 380-391. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Ruzzier, Chiara. &#8220;The Miniaturisation of Bible Manuscripts in the 13th Century: A Comparative Study&#8221; In\u00a0<em>Trends in Statistical Codicology<\/em>\u00a0edited by Marilena Maniaci, 65-86. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2022.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110743838-003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110743838-003<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Magrini, Sabina. \u201cProduction and Use of Latin Bible Manuscripts in Italy during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.\u201d\u00a0<em>Manuscripta<\/em>\u00a051, no. 2 (2007): 209\u201357. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/j.mss.1.100105\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1484\/j.mss.1.100105<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Melzer, Libby. \u201c\u2018A Pocketful of Miracles\u2019: The Small format Paris Edition Manuscript Bible at State Library Victoria.\u201d\u00a0<em>La Trobe Journal<\/em> 103 (September 2019): 69\u201383.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h2>Notes<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Light, Laura. \u201cFrench Bibles C.1200-30:\u00a0 A New Look at the Origin of the Paris Bible,\u201d <em>The Early Medieval Bible; Its Production, Decoration and Use<\/em>. Ed. Richard Gameson, Cambridge:\u00a0 Cambridge University Press (1994).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Magrini, Sabina. &#8220;Vernacular Bibles, Biblical Quotations and the Paris Bible in Italy from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century: A First Report&#8221;. In\u00a0<em>Form and Function in the Late Medieval Bible<\/em>, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill (2013): 238-40.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Martin, Rheagan Eric. \u201cPeregrinations of Parchment and Pewter: Manuscripts and Mental Pilgrimage\u201d in <em>Towards a Global Middle <\/em>Ages. Getty Publications (2019): 246-48.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptroadtrip.wordpress.com\/2013\/09\/21\/manuscript-road-trip-autumn-in-the-berkshires\/\">https:\/\/manuscriptroadtrip.wordpress.com\/2013\/09\/21\/manuscript-road-trip-autumn-in-the-berkshires\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h2>Extra Comments<\/h2>\n<p><em>Mildred Budny, RGME WebEditor, fascinated by the features of the manuscript, including the curious impression between the sheets in the Genesis portion, as Hannah describes them for us, offers a few comments:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A vessica shape for a seal\/matrix in itself does not necessarily denote an ecclesiastical (or monastic) seal.\u00a0 Unless sufficient indication survives in the inscription to indicate ownership by an ecclesiastic or other communal religious community, or person of such capacity, it might be cautious to allow for the possibility that the object might have pertained to a lay individual or entity.\u00a0 Also, might we know about traditions of seal production in Italy and, say, the Veneto region, given the indications of origin and perhaps use there?<\/p>\n<p>Some thoughts about the two figures, both seen in profile.\u00a0 For example, does the kneeling figure have a tonsure?\u00a0 The bare head and short, knee-length, tunic of the standing figure presumably rule him out as a knight intent upon assassinating Thomas.\u00a0 There are no flying projectiles, as in the \u2018Stephen seal\u2019, nor does the standing figure raise a hand apparently with such intention.\u00a0 Does that figure, with partly bowed head, hold something like, say, a censor, as an (obedient) attendant for a praying suppliant or officiant?<\/p>\n<p>The impression left in the manuscript and this blogpost by Hannah offer a serendipitous opportunity to bring together several seemingly distinct strands of RGME research and interests.\u00a0 For some years now, the RGME has engaged in research on seals and seal matrices, and hosted sessions with papers on them and their contexts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/seals-matrices-documents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seals, Matrices &amp; Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/links-of-interest\/seals-seal-matrices-documents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seals, Seal-Matrices &amp; Documents: Links of Interest<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/abstracts\/mcewan-2020-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McEwan (2020 Congress)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/abstracts\/budny-2021-congress\/&quot;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Budny (2021 Congress)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/starter-kit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Starter Kit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/curiouser-and-curiouser\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiouser and Curiouser<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We welcome Hannah&#8217;s guided tour to this manuscript and its multiple features.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h2>Editor&#8217;s Note<\/h2>\n<p>We thank Hannah for her guided tour to this manuscript and available reference resources for it.\u00a0 We look forward to learning more about her work as it advances.<\/p>\n<p>She has reported on other aspects of her work for RGME Symposia, so that we have been able to glimpse something of her diverse range of interests.\u00a0 See:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/2022-autumn-symposium-program\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 Autumn Symposium Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/2022-autumn-symposium-program-booklet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2022 Autumn Symposium Booklet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/2023-spring-symposium-from-the-ground-up\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 Spring Symposium &#8220;From the Ground Up&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>She brought to our attention a leaf from one of the manuscripts our blog visits and revisits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/two-old-testament-leaves-from-otto-ege-manuscript-14-at-smith-college\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two Old Testament Leaves from &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 14&#8217; at Smith College<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As Hannah&#8217;s blogpost joins our RGME blog on <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manuscript Studies<\/a>, we invite you to visit other posts about manuscripts, Vulgate Bible manuscripts, documents, seals, fragments, and other material evidence from the medieval and other periods.\u00a0 See the <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contents List<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We hope to hear more sometime from Hannah Goeselt, Guest Blogger, about how her explorations of manuscripts progress, and what discoveries they bring.\u00a0 Thank you, Hannah, and good fortune with your quest!<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h2>Questions and Suggestions?<\/h2>\n<p>Do you recognize these scribes and scribal artists in other manuscripts? Do you have suggestions about the date and place of origin of this manuscript? Do you have thoughts about the ghost-like impression between its sheets, perhaps from a seal or seal-matrix?<\/p>\n<p>Please leave your Comments here, <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/contact-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact Us<\/a>, or join the conversation on our RGME <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Research-Group-on-Manuscript-Evidence\/259443617456668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Facebook page<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We look forward to hearing from you.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Thirteenth-Century Pocket Vulgate Bible at Smith College: &#8220;The Dimock Bible&#8221; (Mortimer Rare Book Collection MS 240) \u00a0Hannah Goeselt RGME Guestblogger [Posted on 30 October 2023] Note:\u00a0 For this Blogpost, we welcome Guest Blogger, Hannah Goeselt, who reports on a manuscript which first caught her attention when examining manuscripts at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[678],"tags":[2325,2019,2318,2321,2322,2405,2320,2406,1980,2073,7,2323,6,2403,2317,2326,652,2328,2399,2327,1633,2319,2044,2331,2404,2330,884,2324],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17840"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17840"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20916,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17840\/revisions\/20916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}