{"id":14686,"date":"2021-01-27T17:40:46","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T17:40:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/?p=14686"},"modified":"2022-07-12T18:20:10","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T18:20:10","slug":"otto-eges-portfolio-of-famous-books-and-ege-manuscript-53","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/otto-eges-portfolio-of-famous-books-and-ege-manuscript-53\/","title":{"rendered":"Otto Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of &#8216;Famous Books&#8217; and &#8216;Ege Manuscript 53&#8217; (Quran)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ege&#8217;s <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<br \/>\n<\/em><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">and<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">A New Leaf from Ege Manuscript 53<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quran\">Qur&#8217;an or Koran<\/a> written in Arabic on paper<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Egypt, dated 1122 CE (500 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hijri_year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AH<\/a>), but later:\u00a0 Probably <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamluk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mamluk<\/a> Dynasty, 14th or 15th Century<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Circa 391 \u00d7 299 mm &lt;Written area circa 285 \u00d7 220 mm&gt;<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Single column of 15 lines in Arabic<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Surah 4:163 \u2013 Surah 5:4<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">With rubricated titles, textual dividers, and rosettes for verse markers<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_14706\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14706\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14706 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-300x188.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-150x94.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-80x50.jpg 80w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-598x372.jpg 598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>[<em>Published on 27 January 2021, with updates<\/em>]<\/p>\n<p>Here we begin to showcase a newly revealed set of one of the Portfolios of specimen Leaves from books and manuscripts assembled by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Ege\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto F. Ege<\/a> (1888\u20131951).\u00a0 This set presents a selection of specimens of <em>Famous Books<\/em>, in the longer, or deluxe version, of <em>Nine Centuries<\/em>.\u00a0 The shorter version covers <em>Eight Centuries<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The version in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> was issued in 50 sets, with 40 specimen Leaves extracted from manuscripts and printed books.\u00a0 The shorter version in <em>Eight Centuries<\/em> was issued in 110 sets of 25 Leaves.<\/p>\n<p>In earlier blogposts, some sets in both versions have come into our view \u2014 mainly on account of the specimens from a 14th-century manuscript in Latin on paper with Aristotle&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nichomachean_Ethics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nichomachean Ethics<\/a> or its commentaries.\u00a0 Our study of that manuscript began with an isolated leaf in a private collection, then moved to examine more of its relatives surviving elsewhere.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-leaves-from-otto-ege-manuscript-51\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Leaves from &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 51&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-parts-of-otto-ege-manuscript-51\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Parts of &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 51&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_7900\" style=\"width: 734px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7900\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7900 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-Aristotles-Ethics-19-recto-cropped-col-a-lower.jpg\" alt=\"Opening for 'Genus dividitur in genus'. Detail from Recto of Aristotle leaf in Set 47 of Ege's Portfolio of 'Famous Books'. Kent State University Libraries, reproduced by permission.\" width=\"724\" height=\"644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-Aristotles-Ethics-19-recto-cropped-col-a-lower.jpg 724w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-Aristotles-Ethics-19-recto-cropped-col-a-lower-150x133.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-Aristotles-Ethics-19-recto-cropped-col-a-lower-300x267.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7900\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kent State University Libraries, Set 47 of Otto Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of &#8216;Famous Books&#8217;, Aristotle Leaf, detail: &#8216;Genus dividitur in genus&#8217;. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Now, we consider the Portfolio in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> as such more fully, in the light of the &#8216;new&#8217; set.\u00a0 This post first examines the nature of the Portfolio (and its fraternal twin in <em>Eight Centuries<\/em>), then turns to look at its Leaf 1, extracted from a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quran\/Koran<\/a> manuscript in Arabic on paper.\u00a0 That manuscript presents its text in single columns (unframed) of 15 lines, with some rubricated elements and embellishments in gold and other pigments.<\/p>\n<p>Further posts may examine other leaves in the Portfolio, in their manuscript and printed forms.<\/p>\n<p>Broad in vision, the range of specimens come from religious and secular texts over the course of centuries and from a wide range of places of production.\u00a0 As an indication, see Ege&#8217;s Contents List (shown below) and his individual Labels for all 40 specimens\u00a0\u2014 displayed online from another set (at <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.case.edu\/islandora\/object\/ksl%3Aegebooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Case Western University<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>The specimens represent texts in various languages (mostly Western) and by many notable, and even world-class, authors. Represented in their own language or another, they include Homer, Aristotle, Cicero, Ovid, Pliny, Virgil, Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Erasmus, Chaucer, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Milton, Montaigne, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beowulf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beowulf<\/a> poet, and the translators of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_James_Version\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">King James Version<\/a>. The specimens represent many renowned printers in Western Europe and the United States, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Jenson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nicolas Jenson<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aldus_Manutius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aldus Manutius<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Estienne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Estienne<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucantonio_Giunti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lucantonio Giunta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giambattista_Bodoni\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bodoni<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kelmscott_Press\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kelmscott Press<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_Press\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riverside Press<\/a>.\u00a0 Not forgetting, among others, a specimen from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Chronicle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuremberg Chronicle<\/a> of 1493 and from the <a href=\"https:\/\/timespencil.org\/exhibits\/show\/shakespeares-folios\/fourth-folio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fourth Folio<\/a> of 1685. A few specimens include illustrations.<\/p>\n<p>The selection and design of the Portfolios of <em>Famous Books<\/em> correspond both neatly and closely with some central interests of Otto Ege throughout his career.\u00a0 (See, for example, <a href=\"http:\/\/ege.denison.edu\/ege_biography_p1.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introducing Otto Ege<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Ege\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto F. Ege<\/a>.)\u00a0 As a long-time teacher of graphic design and the history of the book (and later a Dean) at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleveland_Institute_of_Art\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cleveland Institute of Art<\/a>, and as a graphic designer (and printer) in his own right, here Ege was in his element.<\/p>\n<h2>The &#8216;New&#8217; Set in a Private Collection<\/h2>\n<p>The &#8216;new&#8217; set in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> resides in a Private Collection.\u00a0 The owner, noticing our webposts (see their <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contents List<\/a>) and mentioning to us the set of Ege&#8217;s <em>Famous Books<\/em> Portfolio, has kindly taken photographs, which we can show for inspection and research \u2014 with our thanks.<\/p>\n<p>The set came from this sale: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auctionzip.com\/auction-catalog\/Fall-Fine-Decorative-Art-Auction_TP92KRN8MM\/#63047A5B9B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fall Fine &amp; Decorative Art Auction<\/a> on October 4, 2015.\u00a0 It was offered (out of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willoughby,_Ohio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Willoughby, Ohio<\/a>) by Fusco Auctions as <strong>lot 81<\/strong>:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.auctionzip.com\/auction-lot\/Otto-Ege-Portfolio-Original-Leaves-Famous-Books-1_63047A5B9B\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ege Portfolio Original Leaves Famous Books<\/a>, with an Estimate of $2,500 \u2013\u00a0 $3,000, and a realized price of $2,600.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mb-1\">\n<p>The online catalogue for the sale of that lot presents 4 photographs of a few highlights.\u00a0 They show views of the Portfolio Front Cover, Ege&#8217;s printed full-page Contents List, both sides of the First Leaf (from the Koran in Arabic), and Ege&#8217;s printed Label for that specimen Leaf.<\/p>\n<p>The set, unnumbered, contains the full set of 40 specimen Leaves, as cited in the 1-page Contents List printed on a single companion leaf of paper.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Samples of Ege&#8217;s Portfolios<\/h2>\n<p>Some collections possess more than one of Ege&#8217;s Portfolios, dedicated to a variety of focused themes on the arts of the book in manuscript and in print across time and place.\u00a0 The nature and themes of his multiple Portfolios are surveyed in several publications.\u00a0 (See below.)<\/p>\n<p>Occasionally, as I have found, it is possible, with permission, to examine more than one of the Portfolios side by side.\u00a0 The opportunity has occurred, for example, at the Houghton Library at Harvard University in Massachusetts and at the Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County in Ohio.\u00a0 At the former, the consultation addressed 2 sets of the Portfolio of <em>Famous Bibles<\/em>; at the latter, 3 different Portfolios \u2014 all of which come under consideration for our present purposes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts, Western Europe <\/em><\/strong>(<em>&#8220;FOL&#8221;<\/em>)<strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Original Leaves from Famous Bibles<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Original Leaves from Famous Books<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_10853\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10853\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-10853 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/IMG_5087-Cincinnati-Ege-Portfolios-in-a-Row-cropped-1024x355.jpg\" alt=\"Three Ege Portfolios. &quot;Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts&quot;, &quot;Original Leaves from Famous Books&quot; (Series A in &quot;Eight Centuries&quot;), and &quot;Original Leaves from Famous Bibles&quot; (Series B in &quot;Nine Centuries&quot;). From the Collection of The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Reproduced by permission. Photograph by Mildred Budny.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/IMG_5087-Cincinnati-Ege-Portfolios-in-a-Row-cropped-1024x355.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/IMG_5087-Cincinnati-Ege-Portfolios-in-a-Row-cropped-150x52.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/IMG_5087-Cincinnati-Ege-Portfolios-in-a-Row-cropped-300x104.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10853\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three Ege Portfolios. &#8220;Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts&#8221;, &#8220;Original Leaves from Famous Books&#8221; (Series A in &#8220;Eight Centuries&#8221;), and &#8220;Original Leaves from Famous Bibles&#8221; (Series B in &#8220;Nine Centuries&#8221;). From the Collection of The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Photograph by Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Two of these Portfolios, <strong><em>Famous Bibles<\/em><\/strong> and <em><strong>Famous Books<\/strong><\/em>, were issued in 2 versions, shorter and longer, in <strong><em>Eight Centuries<\/em><\/strong> and in <strong><em>Nine Centuries<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For present purposes, another of Ege&#8217;s Portfolios also comes into view.\u00a0 It is devoted to<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Fifteen Original Oriental Leaves of Six Centuries:\u00a0 Twelve of the Middle East, Two of Russia, and One of Tibet<\/em><\/strong>, amounting to 15 Leaves in 40 Sets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For that Portfolio, Gwara, <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto Ege&#8217;s Manuscripts<\/a>, Appendix V (on page 103), lists 13 located sets; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/fifteen-original-oriental-manuscript-leaves-of-six-centuries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">worldcat.org<\/a> lists some of these as well as other sets.\u00a0 Some sets can be viewed online, Leaf by Leaf, as with the set in the Brooklyn Museum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>New York, Brooklyn Museum Libraries, Special Collections, Call Number <a href=\"https:\/\/brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/archives\/set\/85486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Z109 Eg7<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Earlier blogposts have considered aspects of all these Portfolios, but for the <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em>.\u00a0 Within those reports, we have considered in particular Ege MSS 8, 14, 19, 29, 41, 51, and 61, along with <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/a-leaf-from-otto-ege-manuscript-19-and-eges-workshop-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ege&#8217;s Workshop Practices<\/a>.\u00a0 (A post on Ege MS 22 is coming soon.)\u00a0 See our <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contents List<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Now, turning to the &#8216;new&#8217; set of <em>Famous Books<\/em>, it seems clear that our previous explorations of the several different Portfolios come in handy as background \u2014 perhaps especially because there is some cross-over between different Portfolios in Ege&#8217;s distribution of individual copies of books and manuscripts.\u00a0 We start with the Koran\/Quran manuscript (&#8216;Otto Ege MS 53&#8217;), with its specimens found in both <em><strong>Famous Books<\/strong><\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> and in <em><strong>Oriental Leaves<\/strong><\/em>, as well as elsewhere.<\/p>\n<h2>The Portfolio in Question<\/h2>\n<p>By the title on its front cover and the Title-Page with Contents List, the &#8216;new&#8217; <em>Famous Books<\/em> Portfolio proclaims itself as a set of <strong><em>Original Leaves from Famous Books, Nine Centuries, 1122 A. E. \u2013 1923 A. D<\/em><\/strong>., with a List of 40 unnumbered Leaves. \u00a0 This is the longer, deluxe, series in Ege&#8217;s 2 versions of the Portfolios of <em><strong>Original Leaves from Famous Books<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0 The shorter version spans only <em><strong>Eight Centuries, 1240 A. D. \u2013 1923 A. D.<\/strong><\/em> in 25 leaves.<\/p>\n<p>For short, some sources refer to these Portfolios as <strong>FBNC<\/strong> and <strong>FBEC<\/strong>, as in Scott Gwara&#8217;s account of <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto Ege&#8217;s Manuscripts<\/a> (2013).\u00a0 The close resemblance of these 2 acronyms, differing only partway through (<em>N<\/em> versus <em>E<\/em>), may require close inspection.\u00a0 In context, referring to the variants as &#8220;Nine Centuries&#8221; or &#8220;Eight Centuries&#8221; might be clearer at a first glance, where concision of space or numbers of characters is not a primary consideration.<\/p>\n<p>Gwara considers these 2 Portfolios as entities on his pages 36\u201337 and in his Appendixes III and IV (on pages 100\u2013102), which list some current locations of their sets.\u00a0 His &#8220;<strong>Handlist<\/strong> of Manuscripts and Fragments Collected or Sold by Otto F. Ege&#8221; (Appendix X on pages 116\u2013201) lists the manuscripts in numerical order by assigned numbers (1\u2013325 and counting), indicates their position in any of Ege&#8217;s Portfolios, and cites current locations, sales catalogues, and other information, as available.<\/p>\n<p>Another invaluable resource for these and other Portfolios, or Leaf-Books, by Ege (and by others):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Christopher de Hamel and Joel Silver, with contributions by John P. Chalmers, Daniel W. Mosser, and Michael Thompson, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/pbsa.101.1.24293971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Disbound and Dispersed:\u00a0 The Leaf Book Considered<\/a> (Chicago:\u00a0 The Caxton Club, 2005), Catalog-Checklist no. 14\/68 (pp. 74\u201375 and 116) and no. 20\/98 (pp. 79\u201381 and 120), and Checklist nos. 21 (p. 110) and 51 (p.114)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This book doubles as an exhibition catalogue.\u00a0 It contains a set of essays about Leaf Books in general and in particular, the &#8220;Catalog of the Exhibition&#8221; (pp. 62\u2013101), and &#8220;A Checklist of Leaf Books&#8221; (pp. 102\u2013137).\u00a0 That both the Catalog and the Checklist have their own series of numbers (items 1\u201346 and 1\u2013230 respectively) might prove ambiguous, so reporting their page-numbers as well as their section- and item-numbers can be helpful.<\/p>\n<p>On one opening (pages 81\u201382), there are illustrated 6 sample plates of &#8220;Six leaves from Otto Ege&#8217;s 1949 boxed set of original leaves from famous books&#8221; in nine centuries (Catalogue number 20 \/ Checklist number 98), in the collection of Michael Thompson.\u00a0 The sampling shows the specimens of 5 printed books and 1 manuscript \u2014 the Koran manuscript which opens the Portfolio. From that photograph of one of its sides (the recto), it is possible to identify its location within the former manuscript.<\/p>\n<h2>The Contents<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_14690\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14690\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14690 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585403-Lot-81-Cover-and-Contens.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's FBNC, Title and Headpiece for the Contents List.\" width=\"750\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585403-Lot-81-Cover-and-Contens.jpg 750w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585403-Lot-81-Cover-and-Contens-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585403-Lot-81-Cover-and-Contens-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s FBNC, Title and Headpiece for the Contents List.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In a single page, Ege&#8217;s Contents List, which he called an &#8220;Annotated Chronological Index&#8221;, arranges the specimens in groups by chronological order and by medium:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Manuscript Leaves<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Incunabula Leaves<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imprints<\/strong>, in 2 subgroups:\u00a0 <strong>XVI Century<\/strong> and <strong>XVI\u2013XX Century<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_14707\" style=\"width: 658px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14707\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14707 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself-648x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Contents List in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Chronological Index. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"648\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself-648x1024.jpg 648w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself-768x1213.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-itself.jpg 1740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14707\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Contents List in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Chronological Index. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The 4 groups commence with the <strong>Manuscripts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>First the Manuscript Specimens<\/h2>\n<p>There are six Specimens in total, with texts all in Latin but for the first in Arabic.\u00a0 (The Portfolio in <em>Eight Centuries<\/em> has only three \u2014 and does not include the Arabic.)\u00a0 They are written variously on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a> or on animal skin (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parchment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parchment<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vellum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vellum<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Their list:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14691 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585416-Lot-81-Contents.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585416-Lot-81-Contents.jpg 750w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585416-Lot-81-Contents-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585416-Lot-81-Contents-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Note that Ege&#8217;s title or summary for each leaf customarily employs a title in English, regardless of the language of the specimen text.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1122 Egypt.\u00a0 Mohammed, <em>Koran<\/em> on paper<\/li>\n<li>1240 France.\u00a0 St. Jerome, <em>Vulgate Bible<br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1365 Germany.\u00a0 Aristotle, <em>Nichomachian Ethics <\/em>on paper<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1436 Italy.\u00a0 Livy, <em>History of Rome<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1466 Italy.\u00a0 <em>Book of Hours <\/em><\/li>\n<li>1470 Italy.\u00a0 St. Thomas Aquinas, <em>Commentary on the Sentences<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That is, according to the numbering assigned to Ege&#8217;s manuscripts in Gwara&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Handlist<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1122 Egypt.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mohammed<\/a>, <em>Koran<\/em> on paper [ = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 53<\/span>, here Surah 4:163 \u2013 5:14]<\/li>\n<li>1240 France.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Jerome<\/a>, <em>Vulgate Bible<\/em> [= <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">MS 54<\/span>, here from the Book of Job chapters 8\u201312]<\/li>\n<li>1365 Germany.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristotle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle<\/a>, <em>Nichomachian Ethics<\/em> on paper [= <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 51<\/span>, here folio 35\/<strong>35<\/strong>]<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1436 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Livy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Livy<\/a>, <em>History of Rome<\/em> [ = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 52<\/span>; here folio 41]<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1466 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Book_of_Hours\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book of Hours<\/a> [ = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 55<\/span>; here folio 53]<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1470 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Aquinas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Thomas Aquinas<\/a>, <em>Commentary on the <\/em>Sentences <em>of Peter Lombard<\/em> [ = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 40<\/span>; here folio 300, turned back-to-front in Ege&#8217;s mat]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These contents differ somewhat from the selection of Manuscripts in the Portfolio version of <em>Eight Centuries<\/em>, as seen in its Contents List with 3 Specimens in the set at Kent State University.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7896\" style=\"width: 498px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7896\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7896 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Kent-State-Copy-Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-TOC-detail-MSS-Leaves.jpg\" alt=\"Otto Ege's Contents List of the Manuscripts in his FBEC Portfolio at Kent State University Libraries, reproduced by permission.\" width=\"488\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Kent-State-Copy-Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-TOC-detail-MSS-Leaves.jpg 488w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Kent-State-Copy-Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-TOC-detail-MSS-Leaves-150x137.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Kent-State-Copy-Ege-Leaves-from-famous-books-TOC-detail-MSS-Leaves-300x274.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7896\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Otto Ege&#8217;s Contents List of the Manuscripts in his FBEC Portfolio at Kent State University Libraries, reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Note that the components which Ege assigned to the individual sets of the Portfolio display some variation.\u00a0 A look at individual Portfolio sets reveals certain changes, for which the data have yet to be examined in full, while the process of tracking the Portfolio sets, their dispersal, and their components remains ongoing.<\/p>\n<p>Let us remain aware of the subsequent rearrangements and substitutions which owners might effect.\u00a0 A documented case of such adjustments to the contents by Ege&#8217;s widow herself is vividly illustrated in a blogpost by our Associate, Lisa Fagin Davis, as part of her series <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptroadtrip.wordpress.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manuscript Road Trip<\/a>, reporting a visit to <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptroadtrip.wordpress.com\/manuscript-road-trip-miami-university-the-one-in-ohio-not-the-one-in-ohio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Cincinnati, Ohio<\/a>, and to a private collection which holds a set of the <em>Famous Bibles<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em>, replete with annotated Contents List and substituted Contents (shown <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptroadtrip.wordpress.com\/manuscript-road-trip-miami-university-the-one-in-ohio-not-the-one-in-ohio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">here<\/a>).\u00a0 The recorded replacement substitutes the specimen of one 13th-century Vulgate Bible for another, exchanging, as Leaf 2, a leaf from <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 76<\/span> for one from <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 59<span style=\"color: #000000;\">, and noting the substitution in annotations to the Contents List.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The Spread Across Portfolios<\/h2>\n<p>Specimens from some of these manuscripts served within more than 1 of Ege&#8217;s different Portfolios.\u00a0 Such is the case with all but the <strong>Book of Hours<\/strong>.\u00a0 Some of the selected manuscripts appear in both versions of <em>Famous Books<\/em>; some appear both there (both versions of the Portfolio in <em>Eight<\/em> or <em>Nine Centuries<\/em>) and elsewhere; and some appear in the longer version of <em>Famous Books<\/em>, as well as elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Appearances in 5 &#8216;flavors&#8217;:<\/p>\n<p>1) Some manuscripts served in both versions of the Portfolios of <em>Famous Books<\/em>, in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> and in <em>Eight Centuries<\/em> (<em>FBNC<\/em> + <em>FBEC<\/em>).\u00a0 Such is the case with<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Aristotle<\/strong> specimen (as Leaves 3 and 2 respectively in these two Portfolios) = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege MS 51<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>Livy<\/strong> specimen (as Leaves 4 and 3 respectively) = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege MS 52<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_14805\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14805\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14805 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0545-Ege-FBNC-Livy-MS-Back-Top-1024x478.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's Portfolio of 'Famous Leaves', Livy MS Leaf, Back, Top. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0545-Ege-FBNC-Livy-MS-Back-Top-1024x478.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0545-Ege-FBNC-Livy-MS-Back-Top-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0545-Ege-FBNC-Livy-MS-Back-Top-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0545-Ege-FBNC-Livy-MS-Back-Top-768x359.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14805\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of &#8216;Famous Leaves&#8217;, Livy MS Leaf, Back, Top. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>2) Selections from the dismembered copy of the <strong>Koran<\/strong> appear in both the Portfolio of <em>Famous Books in Nine Centuries<\/em> (as Leaf 1) and the Portfolio of <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em> (likewise as Leaf 1).\u00a0 That is,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Koran<\/strong> specimen served as Leaf 1 in both <em>FBNC<\/em> and the Portfolio of <a href=\"https:\/\/brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/archives\/set\/85486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Oriental Leaves<\/a> = <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 53<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3) The dismembered <strong>Vulgate Bible<\/strong> of 1240 circulated in both <em>FBNC<\/em> and <em>FBEC<\/em> (as Leaves 2 and 1 respectively), although sometimes in FBEC its place was taken by a very similar pocket-sized Vulgate Bible used in the <em>FOL<\/em> Portfolio as its Leaf 9 ( =<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Ege MS 9<\/span>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Vulgate Bible<\/strong> specimen of 1240 = <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 54<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_14765\" style=\"width: 951px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14765\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14765 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII-941x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's FBNC Portfolio, Vulgate Bible Leaf, Verso, Mid Right. Reproduced by Permission.\" width=\"941\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII-941x1024.jpg 941w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII-138x150.jpg 138w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII-276x300.jpg 276w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII-768x836.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0538-Ege-FBNC-Vulgate-Leaf-Front-Verso-Mid-Left-Job-XII.jpg 1196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14765\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s FBNC Portfolio, Vulgate Bible Leaf, Verso, Mid Right. Reproduced by Permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>4) The <strong>Aquinas<\/strong> specimen in Humanist Script circulated both in the <em>FBNC<\/em> (Leaf 6) and the more famous <em>FOL<\/em> (Leaf 40), from which position comes its number in Scott Gwara&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Handlist<\/a>.\u00a0 Its dismembered Leaves in some <em>FOL<\/em> sets are illustrated, for example, on the website <a href=\"http:\/\/ege.denison.edu\/leaf_40.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ege.denison.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Aquinas<\/strong> specimen in Humanist Script = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege MS 40<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that this manuscript, although distributed in the same 2 Portfolios as the Vulgate Bible manuscript (<em>FBNC<\/em> + <em>FOL<\/em>) to which Gwara assigned 2 different <em>Handlist<\/em> numbers, holds only 1 number in Gwara&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Handlist<\/a>, corresponding squarely with the position assigned to it in <em>FOL<\/em>.\u00a0 The differential treatment in the Handlist of the Vulgate Bible specimen on the one hand, with 2 assigned numbers, and the Aquinas specimen on the other can lead to some confusion or conflation.\u00a0 (As observed above.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14744\" style=\"width: 806px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14744\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14744 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0550-Acquinas-Sentences-Leaf-Front-Top-Right-1.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's FBNC Portfolio, Aquinas Leaf, Recto, Top Right. Reproduced by Permission.\" width=\"796\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0550-Acquinas-Sentences-Leaf-Front-Top-Right-1.jpg 796w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0550-Acquinas-Sentences-Leaf-Front-Top-Right-1-150x136.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0550-Acquinas-Sentences-Leaf-Front-Top-Right-1-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0550-Acquinas-Sentences-Leaf-Front-Top-Right-1-768x696.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s FBNC Portfolio, Aquinas Leaf, Recto, Top Right. Reproduced by Permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>5) So far as we know, among Ege&#8217;s Portfolios, the <strong>Book of Hours<\/strong> specimen in <em>FBNC<\/em> appears only in this one Portfolio (as Leaf 5).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Book of Hours<\/strong> specimen from a manuscript dated 1460 = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege MS 55<\/strong><\/span> (see Gwara, <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto Ege&#8217;s Manuscripts<\/a>, figure 63 on page 271)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_14780\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14780\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14780 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower-1024x694.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Book of Hours Leaf, Front, Lower Portion of Text. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower-1024x694.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower-768x520.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0547-Ege-FBNC-Book-of-Hours-Front-lower.jpg 1328w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14780\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Book of Hours Leaf, Front, Lower Portion of Text. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>All these leaves deserve attention in their own right and in the context of their dispersed relatives.\u00a0 Already some studies consider one or other of them, particularly in the setting of the <em>FOL<\/em> Portfolio.\u00a0 Examples include the website <a href=\"http:\/\/ege.denison.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ege.denison.edu<\/a>, showcasing &#8220;The Ege Manuscript Leaf Portfolios&#8221; and exhibiting images from each Leaf (not necessarily both sides) in specific sets of <em>FOL<\/em> at 14 institutional collections in the United States and Canada.<\/p>\n<h2>Printed Leaves<\/h2>\n<p>Whereas Scott Gwara&#8217;s <em>Handlist<\/em> in <a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Otto Ege&#8217;s Manuscripts<\/a> (2016) provides the standard for citing Ege&#8217;s <strong>Manuscripts<\/strong>, apparently there has appeared no comparable <em>Handlist<\/em> of Ege&#8217;s <strong>Printed Books<\/strong> \u2014 or even of his 15th-century <strong><em>Incunabula<\/em><\/strong> \u2014 and their distribution patterns and current locations.\u00a0 Efforts toward this goal gather momentum, however, as part of the wider work on Ege&#8217;s books and their impact overall.<\/p>\n<p>The full series of Ege&#8217;s Labels for the 40 specimens of textual materials in the Portfolio in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> is displayed online for some sets, as at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digital.case.edu\/islandora\/object\/ksl%3Aegebooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Case Western University<\/a> in Cleveland, Ohio.\u00a0 Set within rectangular borders resembling captions for an exhibition, the printed Labels expand the information in the Contents List into several paragraphs of observations about the genre of book, authorship, impact, and other generic features, with a few comments about the specific book from which the specimen derives.<\/p>\n<p>In Ege&#8217;s 1-page Contents List, the 6 <strong>Manuscript Leaves<\/strong> (items 1\u20136) are followed by 5 <strong>Incunabula Leaves<\/strong> (items 7\u201311), then the groups of <strong>Leaves from XVI Century Imprints<\/strong> (items 12\u201326 with 14 specimens) and <strong>Leaves from XVII\u2013XX Century Imprints<\/strong> (items 27\u201340 with 13 specimens).<\/p>\n<p>Alongside the manuscript fragments, the printed specimens in the Portfolio hold interest also in their own right.\u00a0 A special &#8216;subset&#8217; is their group of leaves from early printed books, or <strong>Incunabula<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14791\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14791\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14791 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0556-Ege-FBNC-Laertius-Front-131-top-right-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's Portfolio of Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Laertius Leaf (1475), Front, Top Right. Reproduced by Permission.\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0556-Ege-FBNC-Laertius-Front-131-top-right-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0556-Ege-FBNC-Laertius-Front-131-top-right-150x136.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0556-Ege-FBNC-Laertius-Front-131-top-right-768x696.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0556-Ege-FBNC-Laertius-Front-131-top-right.jpg 839w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Laertius Leaf (1475), Front, Top Right. Reproduced by Permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>For the printed materials, by definition other copies, more-or-less identical, may survive in other collections retaining the book in full (more-or-less).\u00a0 Some copies are reproduced online in full or partial facsimile.\u00a0 Some copies might still be available for direct inspection in their collections, for loan, or for purchase.<\/p>\n<p>However, Ege&#8217;s leaves comprising printed matter sometimes carry marginalia and other forms of additions or alterations \u2014 as the case with some of the <strong>Incunabula<\/strong> \u2014 which &#8216;lift&#8217; their status into unique witnesses to the transmission of the given book and edition.<\/p>\n<p>In all cases, the patterns of location for the given titles as distributed within given sets (and in other settings) can contribute to the knowledge of Ege&#8217;s workshop practices in dismembering books and relocating their isolated elements for broader scattering into very many collections, which themselves might change hands \u2014 sometimes more than once.\u00a0 See, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/a-leaf-from-otto-ege-manuscript-19-and-eges-workshop-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Leaf from &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 19&#8217; and Ege&#8217;s Workshop Practices<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A challenge to finding the location and character of other sets of the Portfolio (in one or other version), or perhaps dispersed parts of them, is the tendency of some institutional cataloging practices to separate the individual items into different departments or categories (literally or virtually), and, on occasion, to omit to mention, or to bury, the connection between the given Leaf or Leaves on the one hand and Ege and his <em>Famous Books<\/em> (or some other) Portfolio on the other.<\/p>\n<p>We have encountered such problems with other parts of Ege&#8217;s <em>oeuvre<\/em> \u2014 as we might call his work and his works in the forms of dismembered and repositioned books of many kinds.\u00a0 The problems multiply with the widespread dispersal of the Portfolios in whole or in part, as well as of individual Specimens.\u00a0 Upon these conditions are piled the many challenges to identifying and locating them through library catalogues and websites (as well as sales catalogues).\u00a0 We have reported on such constraints, for example, in our blogpost on <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-discoveries-for-otto-ege-manuscript-61\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Discoveries for &#8220;Otto Ege Manuscript 61&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0 See also below.<\/p>\n<p>That some success is possible engaging with this challenge derives in no small measure from paying close attention to the terms in which Ege himself described the items, whether in print or in handwritten notes upon the leaves or their mats.\u00a0 The attention can yield some results discoverable in roundabout, but effective, ways.<\/p>\n<p>As always with researching materials dispersed in multiple collections, some of which have online information (sometimes including images of the materials), any results may have to depend upon the nature (and extent) of the information and metadata provided for the objects \u2014 and upon access to such materials and information.<\/p>\n<h2>Incunabula<\/h2>\n<p>Ege&#8217;s Contents List for the <em><strong>Incunabula<\/strong><\/em> (&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incunable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incunables<\/a>&#8220;) in the Portfolio describes their Specimens in succinct terms.\u00a0 They concern printed books produced in the early age of printing in the West \u2014 that is, by conventional agreement, up to the year 1500.\u00a0 See, for example, surveys of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_printing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History of Printing<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incunable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incunables<\/a>.\u00a0 All are the products of printing by moveable type, rather than, say, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blockbooks<\/a>, a genre which Ege&#8217;s Portfolio ignores.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14737\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14737\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14737\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585418-Lot-81-Contents-Page-Incunabula.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege FBNC Contents List, Detail: Incunabula.\" width=\"250\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585418-Lot-81-Contents-Page-Incunabula.jpg 232w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585418-Lot-81-Contents-Page-Incunabula-91x150.jpg 91w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/H1116-L80585418-Lot-81-Contents-Page-Incunabula-182x300.jpg 182w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14737\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege FBNC Contents List, Detail: Incunabula.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>After the 6 specimen <strong>Manuscripts<\/strong>, the <strong>Incunabula<\/strong> are represented by 5 Specimens.\u00a0 All on paper, their texts occur in Latin, Italian, or German.<\/p>\n<p>Ege listed them thus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1472 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cicero<\/a>, <em>On Duty<\/em>, printed at the de Spira Press (Venice)<\/li>\n<li>1475 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laertius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laertius<\/a>, <em>Lives of the Philosophers<\/em>, printed by Nicolas Jenson (Venice)<\/li>\n<li>1480 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobus_de_Voragine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Voragine<\/a>, <em>The Golden Legend<\/em>, printed by Antonio de Strata (Venice)<\/li>\n<li>1491 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dante\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dante<\/a>, <em>Divine Comedy<\/em>, printed by Petrus de Plasio (Venice)<\/li>\n<li>1493 Germany.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartmann_Schedel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hartmann Schedel<\/a>, <em>Nuremberg Chronicle<\/em>, printed by Anton Koberger (Nurenberg)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That is, according to the numbering assigned to these publications in the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (<a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/_search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC<\/a>), they are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1472 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cicero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cicero<\/a>, <em>On Duty<\/em>, printed by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_and_Wendelin_of_Speyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johann and Wendelin of\u00a0Speyer<\/a> \/ Giovanni and Vindelino da Spira (Venice, 1472), folio 41<br \/>\n= <a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/id00022000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC ic00058000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1475 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laertius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laertius<\/a>, <em>Lives of the Philosophers<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikpedia.org\/wiki\/Lives_and_Opinions_of_Eminent_Philosophers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers<\/a>), printed by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Jenson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nicolas Jenson<\/a> (Venice, 1475), folio 131 (with marginalia)<br \/>\n= <a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/id00022000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC id00022000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1480 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobus_de_Voragine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Voragine<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Legend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Golden Legend<\/em><\/a>, printed by Antonio da Strata (Venice, 1480)<br \/>\n= <a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/ij00095000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC ij00095000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1491 Italy.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dante\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dante<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Divine_Comedy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Divine Comedy<\/em><\/a>, printed by Petrus de Plaisio (Venice, 1491)<br \/>\n= <a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/id00033000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC id00033000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>1493 Germany.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartmann_Schedel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hartmann Schedel<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremburg_Chronicle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nuremburg Chronicle<\/a>, printed by Anton Koberger (Nurenberg, 1493)<br \/>\n= <a href=\"https:\/\/data.cerl.org\/istc\/is00309000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISTC is00309000<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To these specimens from <strong>Incunabula<\/strong>, as well as others among the later <strong>Imprints<\/strong>, we might return in other posts.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14746\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14746\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14746 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno-1024x714.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's FBNC Portfolio, Dante Leaf, Verso, Detail. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"714\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno-1024x714.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno-768x535.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0562-Ege-FBNC-Dante-Verso-Detail-Canto-XVIII-Inferno.jpg 1782w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s FBNC Portfolio, Dante Leaf, Verso, Detail. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Manuscripts, One By One<\/h2>\n<p>First we consider the manuscript fragments.<\/p>\n<p>Already our blogposts have begun to consider parts of <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege MS 51<\/strong><\/span>, as distributed in Ege&#8217;s Portfolios and by other means.\u00a0 The alternate means include the circulation of individual leaves on their own (sometimes in an Ege mat with his label), and the several portions of the &#8216;Residue&#8217; (a binding included), after Ege&#8217;s extractions, now in the Otto Ege Collection at the Beinecke Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library at Yale University.\u00a0 See:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-leaves-from-otto-ege-manuscript-51\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Leaves from Otto Ege Manuscript 51<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-parts-of-ege-manuscript-51? target=\">More Parts of Otto Ege Manuscript 51<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My first introduction to the manuscript came from Leaf 96, in a Private Collection.\u00a0 The leaf number appears at the bottom right of the recto, in pencil.\u00a0 Acquired by itself, without any Label, the leaf is firmly recognizable as one of Ege&#8217;s by its correspondence in format, layout, textual contents, style of script, material, and other features which establish its position formerly within Ege Manuscript 51.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11207\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11207\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11207 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_2099-Leaf-Apiece-from-Ege-MSS-41-and-51-rectos-cropped-with-guide-1024x617.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Rectos of Single Leaves from Ege MSS 41 and 51, with guide. Photography Mildred Budny.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_2099-Leaf-Apiece-from-Ege-MSS-41-and-51-rectos-cropped-with-guide-1024x617.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_2099-Leaf-Apiece-from-Ege-MSS-41-and-51-rectos-cropped-with-guide-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_2099-Leaf-Apiece-from-Ege-MSS-41-and-51-rectos-cropped-with-guide-300x181.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11207\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Rectos of Single Leaves from Ege MSS 41 and 51, with guide. Photography Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Some of the &#8216;Residue&#8217; of Ege Manuscript 51, binding included, but with despoiled innards, has come into view in the Otto Ege Collection at the Beinecke Library.<\/p>\n<p>The damaged binding of Volume II, viewed from the spine:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9327\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9327\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9327 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_1570-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-outside-view-to-spine-rotated-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"einecke Manuscript &amp; Rare Book Library, Otto Ege Collection, Volume II of Ege Manuscript 51, Spine View.\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_1570-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-outside-view-to-spine-rotated-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_1570-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-outside-view-to-spine-rotated-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/IMG_1570-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-outside-view-to-spine-rotated-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9327\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beinecke Manuscript &amp; Rare Book Library, Otto Ege Collection, Volume II of Ege Manuscript 51, Spine View.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A view of the interior of the volume, opened to show its gutted gutter between folios 9v\/27r (following the removal of folios 10\u201326 between them) and the results of water or liquid damage at the top of the book.\u00a0 In the outer margin on the verso, accompanying the text, there stands a square-shaped diagram drawn in ink, with inscribed labels.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14858\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14858\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14858 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_1999-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-opening-9v-27r-with-interior-spine-view-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Beinecke Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Otto Ege Collection, Ege MS 51, Volume II, opened at the gap between folios 9v\/27r. Photography Mildred Budny.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_1999-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-opening-9v-27r-with-interior-spine-view-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_1999-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-opening-9v-27r-with-interior-spine-view-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_1999-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-opening-9v-27r-with-interior-spine-view-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_1999-Beinecke-Ege-MS-51-Vol-II-opening-9v-27r-with-interior-spine-view-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14858\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beinecke Rare Book &amp; Manuscript Library, Otto Ege Collection, Ege MS 51, Volume II, opened at the gap between folios 9v\/27r. Photography Mildred Budny.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Now we consider the manuscript leaves in the newly revealed set of <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> which came from a sale in Ohio and entered a Private Collection.\u00a0 With permission to show its images, we begin with the first Leaf in the set.<\/p>\n<h2>The Koran Leaf = <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ege MS 53<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In its mat, with its identifying label at lower left:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14689\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14689\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14689 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Koran-1-Ege-MS-52-in-Famous-Books-Prtfolio-in-Mat-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Koran 1 Ege MS 52 in Famous Books Portfolio in Mat\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Koran-1-Ege-MS-52-in-Famous-Books-Prtfolio-in-Mat-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Koran-1-Ege-MS-52-in-Famous-Books-Prtfolio-in-Mat-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Koran-1-Ege-MS-52-in-Famous-Books-Prtfolio-in-Mat-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14689\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Koran 1 Ege MS 52 in Famous Books Portfolio in Mat<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Closer up, behind the window of the mat, we can glimpse the full extent of the leaf, with trimmed or cropped margins which removed part of the script and other elements.\u00a0 Patched repairs at the bottom of the leaf employ 2 overlapping pieces of paper.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14747\" style=\"width: 842px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14747\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14747 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-cropped-832x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Front of Leaf. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"832\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-cropped-832x1024.jpg 832w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-cropped-122x150.jpg 122w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-cropped-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-cropped-768x945.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14747\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Front of Leaf. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The other side of the leaf, lifted partway from the backing mat on the hinged gauze tapes characteristic of Ege&#8217;s mountings:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14708\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14708\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14708 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"rivate Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Front of Leaf. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14708\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Note that the leaf has a pasted repair, sub-triangular in shape, at the lower inner corner, remedying a lost portion.\u00a0 An added entry of script supplies the missing or covered elements on one side of the patch, pasted to the back of the leaf.\u00a0 Pasted to the front of the leaf, a longer strip of paper across the width of the leaf repairs or strengthens its undulating lower edge.<\/p>\n<h3>The Text<\/h3>\n<p>The text starts on the front, or recto, of the leaf.\u00a0 It begins within the middle of verse 162 (of 176 verses) of\u00a0<i><a title=\"Surah\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surah\">Surah<\/a><\/i> <span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\u0671\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/span>\u200e \/ <i lang=\"ar-Latn\" title=\"Arabic-language romanization\">An-Nis\u0101\u02be <\/i>(&#8220;The Women&#8221;).\u00a0 On this Surah, Chapter 4 of the Quran, see, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/An-Nisa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Nisa<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelastdialogue.org\/surah-an-nisa-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An-Nisa<\/a>. It considers issues relating to women, marriage, inheritance, orphans, rights, and more.\u00a0\u00a0The text here differs slightly from the online version which we found (for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/quran.com\/4\/34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quran<\/a>; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/isl\/uq\/005.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacred-texts<\/a>), in that the words occur in a different order. Continuing through <em>An-Nisa<\/em>, the page ends in the middle of verse\u00a0 174.\u00a0 The text continues on the other side of the leaf, on which Line 3 ends <em>An-Nisa<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Next comes the rubricated title, spanning a full line, for Surah <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Ma%27idah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al-Ma`idah<\/a> (&#8220;The Table&#8221;, &#8220;The Table Spread&#8221;, or &#8220;The Table Spread with Food&#8221;), that is, Surah 5 which spans 120 verses.\u00a0 See, for example, the opening and bilingual text of this Surah in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/isl\/uq\/005.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacred-texts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>With a broader nib than the main text, the title is written in a single line of red pigment, spread the full width of the column (line 4).\u00a0 Red dots above and below the characters provide the letter identifiers.\u00a0 Marks in black ink indicate the vowel- and length-marks for reading.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14760\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14760\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14760 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Title-1024x322.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Title for Surah 5. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Title-1024x322.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Title-150x47.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Title-300x94.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Title-768x241.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14760\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Title for Surah 5. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Spread across another full line, in the same ink and script of the main body of text, there follows the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basmala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basmala<\/a>, the standard invocation<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\" title=\"Arabic language text\">\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650<\/span>) (<i lang=\"ar-Latn\" title=\"Arabic-language romanization\">bi-smi ll\u0101hi r-ra\u1e25m\u0101ni r-ra\u1e25\u012bm<sup><small>i<\/small><\/sup><\/i> , &#8220;In the name of Allah the merciful . . . &#8220;).<\/p>\n<p>This phrase leads to the Surah text, starting at verse 1 and ending within verse 4 at the bottom of the page.\u00a0 Thus, the span of text on the leaf extends from within Surah 4:163 to within 4:175 on the recto, and from thence to Surah 5:1\u20134 on the verso.<\/p>\n<p>The polychrome verse-markers take the form of 6-petalled rosettes, usually raised above the baseline of script.\u00a0 The group of petals surround a circular center of red pigment.\u00a0 Smaller circular motifs, 6 in number, alternating in color (red and green?), nestle between, or emerge from, the outer tips of each pair of petals.<\/p>\n<p>The addition of script at the lower right on the patch supplies the missing elements \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u06e1\u06d6 from the severed, covered, and repaired section at the beginning of the line of text.<\/p>\n<h3>Textual Divisions<\/h3>\n<p>Upside-down in the right-hand margin below the title, at an angle leading toward (&#8216;descending to&#8217;) line 10, and partly trimmed away at the edge of the leaf, there stands an inscription to indicate the opening of a section.\u00a0 Written in red, with letter-identifiers in red and vowel- and length-marks in black ink, it has a similar prominence and style as the title.\u00a0 It appears to be the work of the same scribe.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14706\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14706\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14706 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-1024x643.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-150x94.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-80x50.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Seen right-way up, that is, inverted with relation to the text, the marker reads thus:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14762\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14762\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14762 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Text-Division-Marker-Upright-1024x233.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back, lines 8-10, Inverted. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Text-Division-Marker-Upright-1024x233.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Text-Division-Marker-Upright-150x34.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Text-Division-Marker-Upright-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Text-Division-Marker-Upright-768x175.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back, lines 8-10, Inverted. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The partly severed entry marks a division in the text.\u00a0 The first word is \u0646\u0635\u0641 (nsf), meaning \u2018half\u2019.\u00a0 There follow the letters <em>z b<\/em> (\u2018b\u2019 certainly; \u2018z\u2019 is less certain), which might be read as \u0632\u0628 \u2014 presumably a contraction of \u062d\u0632\u0628\u00a0 (\u1e25izb\u2019), meaning &#8216;group&#8217;.\u00a0 (Elsewhere the manuscript, as we can discover, preserves in full a comparable marking, so as to confirm this conjectured reading.)<\/p>\n<p>The other side of the &#8216;new&#8217; Leaf carries a second form of indicator for textual division.\u00a0 Entered solely in black ink apparently by a different hand than the scribe of the text, it forms a descending angle in the outer margin at the end of line 4.\u00a0 Upright with relation to the main text, it begins with the word <span class=\"Arab\">\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/span>\u00a0(<span class=\"headword-tr tr Latn\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"ar-Latn\">rubu\u02bf,<\/span> <span class=\"headword-tr tr Latn\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"ar-Latn\">rub\u02bf, <em>or<\/em> rubue<\/span>), &#8220;quarter&#8221;.\u00a0 In its full form, it designates:\u00a0 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 (&#8216;quarter-<em>hizb<\/em>&#8216;).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14767\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14767\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14767 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-upper-1-1024x434.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Front, lines 1-6. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-upper-1-1024x434.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-upper-1-150x64.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-upper-1-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FBNC-Ege-Koran-front-upper-1-768x326.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Front, lines 1-6. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The 2 marginal entries on recto and verso belongs to a graded system of inscriptions marking textual divisions in the <a title=\"Quran\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quran\">Quran<\/a>, intended to facilitate its recitation.\u00a0 Briefly, the elements of the system, as it has evolved over time and place, comprise a variety of units.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surah<\/a>, or &#8220;Chapters&#8221;, 114 in number (of varying lengths), provided with titles<br \/>\n\u2014 divided into verses, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%80yah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ayah<\/a> <i lang=\"ar-Latn\" title=\"Arabic-language romanization\">\u02be\u0100y\u0101t<\/i> (of varying numbers), on which see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%80yah\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ayah<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz'\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juz&#8217;<\/a> ( <big>\u062c\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0621\u0652<\/big>, ), or &#8220;Part&#8221;, 30 in number (of varying lengths)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hizb\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hizb\">Hizb<\/a> ( \u062d\u0632\u0628 , \u1e25izb), or &#8220;Group&#8221;, 60 in number (roughly equal lengths)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Further divisions also pertain.\u00a0 For example (see, among others, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rub_el_Hizb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rub el Hizb<\/a>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A <i>juz\u02bc<\/i> is divided into <i>\u1e25izb\u0101ni<\/i> (&#8220;two Groups&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>A <i>\u1e25izb<\/i> is one-half of a <a title=\"Juz'\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27\">juz&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Each <i>\u1e25izb<\/i> is subdivided into four quarters, making eight quarters per <i>juz\u02bc<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Each of these is called <em>Arba<\/em> (\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639) &#8220;quarter&#8221;, or alternately <i>maqra\u02bc<\/i> (&#8220;Reading&#8221;), making 240 <em>Ahzab<\/em> or &#8216;quarters&#8217; in the full Quran.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Moreover, longer chapters among the <i><a title=\"Surah\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surah\">surah<\/a><\/i> might receive other forms of subdivisions for purposes of recitation, without breaking the flow of the topic.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruku\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ruku<\/a> (<span dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\u0631\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0639<\/span>\u200e, Ruk\u016b\u02bf), &#8220;Passage&#8221; or &#8220;Stanza&#8221;, denoting a group of thematically related <a title=\"\u0100yah\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%80yah\">verses<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quran<\/a>, and amounting to 558\u00a0<i>ruk\u016b\u02bfs<\/i> within it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each <em>Hizb<\/em> is subdivided into four equal parts, that is, a &#8216;quarter&#8217; or <strong>Arba (<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>. The three middle quarters of a <i>\u1e25izb<\/i> have these names:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First quarter of Hizb:\u00a0 <strong>Rub ul Hizb (<\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Second quarter of Hizb:\u00a0 <strong>Nisful Hizb (<\/strong><strong>\u0646\u0635\u0641<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Third quarter of Hizb:\u00a0 <strong>Thalathatu (<\/strong><strong>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The &#8216;new&#8217; leaf has diagonal entries in the margins marking both a \u2018first\u2019 and a \u2018second\u2019 quarter (without the \u2018ul\u2019).\u00a0 The second is inscribed in rubricated, polychrome form similar to the Surah title and of an equivalent prominence.\u00a0 The first appears less formal, inscribed only in ink and by a different, less polished, hand.\u00a0 One marker is upright; the other is upside-down in relation to the Quran text.<\/p>\n<p>According to the site <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%2527&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1610840736541000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFynKhMQcNwATERqWcD7kf0TdJXfw\"> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27<\/a> , the first-quarter of <em>Hizb<\/em> 11 (spanning the text of Surahs 4:148 to 5:26) should occur at 4:163\u00a0 (within <em>An-nisah<\/em>, as here).\u00a0 The first verse on the leaf stands within 4:163.\u00a0 Might we, perhaps, expect its marking (&#8216;<em>Hizb<\/em>&#8216;?) to stand at the bottom of the previous leaf?\u00a0 Now dislocated from this one, perhaps it survives in some other collection.<\/p>\n<h3>In sum<\/h3>\n<p>To sum up the contents of the leaf:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Recto<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0 Surah 4:163 to 4:175 (in An-Nisa, &#8220;The Women&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Verso<\/strong>:\u00a0 Surah 4:175 to 4:176 (end of the Surah)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Rubric title for 5 Al-Ma`idah (&#8220;The Table Spread&#8221;) and the Bismallah<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Surah 5:1 to 5:4 (halfway through the verse)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Margins<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Quarter-hizb near 4:166<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Half-hizb near 5:3<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">From the Wikipedia site (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%2527&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1610840736541000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFynKhMQcNwATERqWcD7kf0TdJXfw\"> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz&#8217;<\/a>), the divisions of hizb 11 are:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">4:148\u20134:162\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u1e25izb)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">4:163\u20134:176\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (quarter-\u1e25izb)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">5:1\u20135:11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (half-\u1e25izb)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">5:12\u20135:26\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (three-quarter-\u1e25izb)<\/p>\n<p>The annotations on the leaf do not line up exactly with the WebSite (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%2527&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1610840736541000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFynKhMQcNwATERqWcD7kf0TdJXfw\"> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juz%27<\/a>), if they are to mark the start of the section specified there.\u00a0 However, the interval between them is consistent with the length of the passages.<\/p>\n<p>The pattern(s) of textual division-markers applied to this Koran manuscript dismembered by Ege for his Portfolios may show its intentions for use in its original shape, its signs of use and adaptation, and perhaps also its position within the &#8216;evolution&#8217; over time and place of practices of such markings \u2014 both upside-down and upright \u2014 for purposes of recitation.<\/p>\n<h2>Recto and Verso<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_14769\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14769\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14769 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_-300x200.png\" alt=\"By TAKASUGI Shinji - Own work, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1280px-Recto_and_verso_RTL.svg_.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14769\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Right-to-left Language Books. Diagram by Takasugi Shinji (Own Work), via Wikimedia Commons.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>It is possible, perhaps probable, that the prominent smear across the middle section of the rubricated line of script of the title led Otto Ege to chose to place this side of the leaf on the hidden side within the mat, with the unsmeared page facing outward through the window.\u00a0 The placement turned the original recto of the Arabic leaf into a Western recto, reversing its location within the original manuscript, properly to be read from right to left on the page and from front to back on its leaf.<\/p>\n<p>Note that the terms &#8216;recto&#8217; and &#8216;verso might mean different things, depending on the reading direction and the point of approach to the &#8216;start&#8217; of the leaf.\u00a0 See, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Recto_and_verso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recto and Verso<\/a> (&#8220;Front&#8221; and &#8220;Back&#8221;). Here we use &#8216;recto&#8217; to indicate the <strong>first side<\/strong> of the leaf intended to be read in the course of the text, and &#8216;verso&#8217; to indicate the <strong>second side<\/strong> in the direction of reading.<\/p>\n<p>Ege&#8217;s positioning of the selected leaves from whatever book within their windowed mats customarily masks from view the full contours of specimen.\u00a0 As a result, it is often impossible to tell from the windowed front of a framed Specimen alone whether the Leaf comes from an original recto or verso.\u00a0 In some exceptions, as with some specimens in the &#8216;new&#8217; set, the framed view shows a folio-number, with one number to the leaf, or 2-sided <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">folio<\/a>.\u00a0 Sometimes, instead, the number in view can pertain instead to a page-number, applying one number to each side of a leaf, or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Page_(paper)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page<\/a>.\u00a0 Unless the observer is familiar with the edition in question, or has access to a view of the other side of the leaf, it could be unclear whether the number seen within the mat pertains to one folio (both recto and verso), or to only one side (either recto or verso).<\/p>\n<p>A couple of cases in the &#8216;new&#8217; Portfolio exemplify the range.<\/p>\n<p>First, a manuscript, showing folio-number &#8220;35&#8221; (twice) within the mat (in ink at top right and in pencil at bottom right):<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14772\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14772\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14772 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0540-Ege-FBNC-Aristotle-Leaf-in-Mat-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Aristotle Leaf within Mat. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0540-Ege-FBNC-Aristotle-Leaf-in-Mat-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0540-Ege-FBNC-Aristotle-Leaf-in-Mat-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0540-Ege-FBNC-Aristotle-Leaf-in-Mat-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14772\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Aristotle Leaf within Mat. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>(As it happens, the presence of these folio-numbers can significantly aid the virtual reconstruction of the manuscript in question, and contribute to the study of its history.\u00a0 As shown in this blogpost: <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-leaves-from-otto-ege-manuscript-51\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Leaves from &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 51&#8217;<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Second, a printed specimen, showing page &#8220;118&#8221; at the front (with page &#8220;117&#8221; turned to the back):<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14797\" style=\"width: 711px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14797\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14797 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0616-Ege-FBNC-Jovius-1577-Leaf-in-Mat-118-cropped-701x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege's Portfolio of Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Jovius, Illustrious Men (1577) Specimen Front in mat. Reproduced by Permission.\" width=\"701\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0616-Ege-FBNC-Jovius-1577-Leaf-in-Mat-118-cropped-701x1024.jpg 701w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0616-Ege-FBNC-Jovius-1577-Leaf-in-Mat-118-cropped-103x150.jpg 103w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0616-Ege-FBNC-Jovius-1577-Leaf-in-Mat-118-cropped-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0616-Ege-FBNC-Jovius-1577-Leaf-in-Mat-118-cropped-768x1122.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14797\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of &#8216;Famous Books in Nine Centuries&#8217;, Jovius, &#8216;Illustrious Men&#8217; (1577) Specimen Front in mat. Reproduced by Permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The practice of selecting, and visually cropping, a seemingly privileged side of a leaf \u2014 and not necessarily its original &#8216;recto&#8217; \u2014 governs the presentation of Ege&#8217;s Specimens, regardless of whether they come from Western or other writing systems.<\/p>\n<h2>The Leaf and Its Manuscript<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_14724\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14724\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14724 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-1024x639.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege FBNC Koran Leaf Label.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-1024x639.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-150x94.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-80x50.jpg 80w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer-598x372.jpg 598w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-1-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Label-closer.jpg 1262w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14724\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege FBNC Koran Leaf Label.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>On this manuscript, and the individual specimen, Ege declared in his <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.case.edu\/islandora\/object\/ksl%3Aegeboo01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Label<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The <i>Koran<\/i>, the book of laws and religion of over 200 million Moslems, was dictated by the prophet Mohammed after extensive travels to Syria and Palestine with a wealthy uncle. It was on these expeditions that Mohammed gained his concepts of monotheism and star worship. The 114 chapters of the <i>Koran<\/i>, arranged according to their length, have strange titles such as The Ant, The Spider, The Greeks, and The Sun. The followers of Mohammed believed that the text contained revelations from the angel Gabriel, given to Mohammed in dreams after the year 600 [CE]. The <i>Koran<\/i> gave all believers equality and eliminated the priestly class. It is held in great respect by Moslems, who, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">George Sale<\/a>, the first translator of the Koran into English, do not dare to touch it without first being washed, nor to hold it below their girdles, nor knowingly suffer it to be in the possession of any person of a different persuasion. They swear by it and carry it into battle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">With religious fervor rivaling that on the medieval monks, and with an alphabet surpassing the European one in artistic possibilities, the Moslem calligraphers of the <i>Koran<\/i> gained just honor and lasting renown. The art of writing is regarded by the Moslems as the finest of the arts, but few wrote before the time of Mohammed; in his own tribe, the Koreishites [<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quraysh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qyarysh<\/a>], only seventeen knew how to write. The prophet is not numbered among these. <strong>This leaf was written by the Egyptian calligrapher Mohammed ibn Kuzel Al Isawai with a reed, on egg-glazed paper that antedates any European-made paper by half a century.\u00a0 [<em>Emphasis added<\/em>.]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ege&#8217;s entry for the Leaf in his Contents List identifies the work as<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Mohammed, Koran Manuscript on paper, written by the calligrapher Mohammed ibn Kuzel Al Iswai.\u00a0 Small illuminated rosettes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14750\" style=\"width: 598px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14750\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14750 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-Manuscripts-1-2.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Ege FBNC, Contents List, Manuscripts 1 &amp; 2.\" width=\"588\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-Manuscripts-1-2.jpg 588w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-Manuscripts-1-2-150x91.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/IMG_0569-Ege-FBNC-Contents-List-Manuscripts-1-2-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14750\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Ege FBNC, Contents List, Manuscripts 1 &amp; 2.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The Manuscript and Its Date<\/h2>\n<p>The date, place of production, and name of the scribe must derive from a scribal colophon which the manuscript contained, but which Ege&#8217;s dismemberment dislocated from the other leaves.\u00a0 Those pieces of information had to circulate with Ege&#8217;s notes and his labels, without our ability by direct observation to challenge or to affirm the claims of the colophon, its manner of execution, and other means.<\/p>\n<p>Alongside Ege&#8217;s attribution, Scott Gwara&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mssprovenance.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/otto-eges-manuscripts-two-recent.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Handlist<\/a> (p. 137) provides a different assessment:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ege Description:\u00a0 &#8220;Manuscript written in Egypt (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cairo<\/a>), 1122 A. D. (500 A. H.)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Gwara Description:\u00a0 &#8220;MS on paper.\u00a0 Egypt, dated 1122 but <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamluk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mamluk<\/a> dynasty, s. xv&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The span of the <a title=\"Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)\">Mamluk Sultanate<\/a> extended from 1250\u20131517.\u00a0 At the purported date of the manuscript (or its exemplar), Egypt belonged under the control of the Western caliphate and the <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Fatimids\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatimids\">Fatimid<\/a> dynasty (969\u20131174), followed by the <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ayyubid\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ayyubid\">Ayyubids<\/a>.\u00a0 Many studies and reference works examine manuscript production for these periods.\u00a0 See the suggestions for <strong>Further Reading<\/strong> at the end of this post.<\/p>\n<p>When I asked our Associate, David Sorenson, what view he might have about the date-range of the &#8220;new&#8221; leaf and its manuscript, he replied:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Re. Quran \u2014 <a href=\"http:\/\/stores.mackusco.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boyd Mackus<\/a> had one at K[alama]zoo [i. e. one year or other at the Annual\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/congress-activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Congress on Medieval Studies<\/a>; see its <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.wmich.edu\/medieval_cong_archive\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archive<\/a>].\u00a0 It looked to me like a typical Mamluq leaf, 14th\u201315th century, as Scott says.\u00a0 <strong>The easy way is to check the paper; if it has any chain lines it&#8217;s got to be after 1250 or so.<\/strong>\u00a0 [<em>Emphasis added<\/em>.]\u00a0 The writing style looks later, anyway.\u00a0 You can look through Blair to see examples.\u00a0 1100 or so would be an earlier type (late <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatimid_Caliphate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fatimid<\/a>) with a quite different script style.<\/p>\n<p>The reference here to &#8220;Blair&#8221; indicates Sheila S. Blair, <a href=\"https:\/\/aucpress.com\/product\/islamic-calligraphy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Islamic Calligraphy<\/a> (Cairo, 2006).\u00a0 Suggestions for further references and links to manuscript collections online appear at the end of this post.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, in working to create a Gallery dedicated to <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/watermarks-and-the-history-of-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watermarks and the History of Paper<\/a>, the Research Group on Manuscript Evidence has published the updated and downloadable version of David&#8217;s illustrated conference paper on &#8220;Paper-Moulds and Paper Traditions:\u00a0 What Mould-Patterns in Near Eastern and Indian Paper Suggest Regarding Origins of Local Papermaking&#8221; (2020).\u00a0 (See <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/paper-moulds-and-paper-traditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paper Moulds and Paper Traditions<\/a> and the downloadable <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/download\/download14448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a>.)\u00a0 It includes observations about the importation and manufacture of paper in Egypt, or with Egyptian provenance, from about the ninth and tenth centuries (CE) onward (see especially pp. 5\u20137, with specimens).<\/p>\n<p>Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em> perhaps has a different Label for specimens from this Koran manuscript than its Label for <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> (as shown above).\u00a0 So far, I have not yet seen an example of either the Contents List or &#8220;explanatory caption&#8221; for the <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em>, apart from quotations of information which accompanied the Leaf in some form.\u00a0 The title of that Portfolio describes itself thus:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: center;\"><em>Fifteen Oriental Manuscript Leaves of Six Centuries<\/em>:<br \/>\n<em>Twelve of the Middle East, Two of Russia, and One of Tibet<br \/>\nfrom the Collection of and with Notes Prepared by Otto F. Ege<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The online images of both sides of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brooklymuseum.org\/opencollection\/archives\/image\/64925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Koran Leaf<\/a> in the <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em> Portfolio at the Brooklyn Museum are accompanied by a caption quoting &#8220;Printed material&#8221; in these terms (presumably Ege&#8217;s?):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8220;Koran by Mohammed:\u00a0 Egypt, Cairo, early 12th century 1122 A. D.; Arabic Mohammedan text, Arabic script, Nashki style.&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brooklymuseum.org\/opencollection\/archives\/image\/64925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Koran Leaf<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>On the style of script, see, for example <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naskh_(script)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naskh (Script)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Leaves in Other Sets<\/h2>\n<p>Some other leaves from this manuscript appear online.\u00a0 Under current conditions of bibliographical research, with access to many libraries closed or limited, exploring Ege&#8217;s Portfolios and their dispersal mainly requires resorting to online resources and the books and other materials which I have to hand, or can find.\u00a0 Among them are stores of photographs from visits to multiple collections on the track of research on Ege&#8217;s Portfolios and other quests.<\/p>\n<p>Some leaves from the Quran manuscript belong to one or other set of Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> (as at the North Carolina Museum of Art in Raleigh).\u00a0 Some belong to a set of Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of <em>Oriental Leaves<\/em> (as at the Brooklyn Museum in New York ).\u00a0 Some appear to be separate leaves.\u00a0 The appearance, or apparent condition, of separate leaves might in some cases (many?) reflect their institution&#8217;s label, the removal of the individual leaves from the set and the mats, and\/or the distribution into different divisions of the larger collection or into different collections altogether.\u00a0 As a result, for various reasons, the labelling or cataloguing by the collection or institution can mask, bury in &#8216;fine print&#8217;, or outright ignore the connection with Ege, or with one or other of his Portfolios.<\/p>\n<p>Needless to say, such factors can impede or interfere with research to recognize different leaves from the manuscript now in different locations.<\/p>\n<p>My consultation and photography, with permission, of the set (Number 20) now at the Princeton University Library several years ago provides the opportunity to re-examine it virtually offline, and to identify its place within the former manuscript.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Princeton, Princeton University Library, Firestone Library, Special Collections, <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.princeton.edu\/catalog\/5505335\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oversize 2008-007E<\/a>;<br \/>\nThe recto, beginning midway through Surah 13:40, <em>Ar-Ra&#8217;d<\/em> (&#8220;The Thunder&#8221;), carries the rubricated title for <a href=\"https:\/\/quran.com\/14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surah 14<\/a>, Ibrahim (&#8220;Abraham&#8221;); the verso carries the rubricated upside-down marker &#8216;half-hizb&#8217; in the outer margin opposite 14:10, and closes within 14:22.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A few examples of leaves as seen in print or online:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>New York, Brooklyn Museum, Ege&#8217;s Portfolio of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brooklynmuseum.org\/opencollection\/archives\/image\/64925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Oriental Leaves<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/otto-eges-portfolio-of-famous-books-and-ege-manuscript-53\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Koran Leaf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Recto<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14734\" style=\"width: 605px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14734\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14734 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_recto_PS4.jpg\" alt=\"Brooklyn Museum, Libraries and Archives, Z209 Eg7, Koran Leaf, Recto. No known copyright restrictions.\" width=\"595\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_recto_PS4.jpg 595w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_recto_PS4-116x150.jpg 116w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_recto_PS4-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14734\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Museum, Libraries and Archives, Z209 Eg7, Koran Leaf, Recto. No known copyright restrictions.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The recto starts with verse 74 within Surah 11, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/quran.com\/11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hud<\/a>&#8220;.\u00a0 Note that the rubricated entry in the outer margin (partly trimmed, like the one on the &#8216;new&#8217; leaf) marking the textual division of a &#8220;Half-<em>Hisb<\/em>&#8220;, or &#8220;Half-Group&#8221;, stands upright with relation to the text (unlike the orientation on the &#8216;new&#8217; leaf).\u00a0 Note also the modern paper repair across the bottom of the leaf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Verso<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14735\" style=\"width: 583px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14735\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14735 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_verso_PS4.jpg\" alt=\"Brooklyn Museum, Libraries and Archives, Z209 Eg7, Koran Leaf, Verso. No known copyright restrictions.\" width=\"573\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_verso_PS4.jpg 573w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_verso_PS4-112x150.jpg 112w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Brooklyn-Museum-Ege-Koran-Z109_Eg7_p01_verso_PS4-224x300.jpg 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brooklyn Museum, Libraries and Archives, Z209 Eg7, Koran Leaf, Verso. No known copyright restrictions.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Private Collection, Koran Leaf within a set of the <em>Famous Books<\/em> Portfolio, illustrated (one side only, cropped without revealing whether recto or verso) in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/pbsa.101.1.24293971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Disbound and Dispersed:\u00a0 The Leaf Book Considered<\/a> (2005), page 82.<br \/>\nIts red title opens Surah 13:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ar-Ra%27d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ar-Ra\u2019d<\/a> (\u201cThe Thunder\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Location Unknown, FBNC Set 28, sold at Christie\u2019s on 21 September 2020 as <a href=\"\/\/www.veryimportantlot.com\/en\/lot\/view\/otto-f-ege-1888-1951-470164\u201d\" target=\"\u201d_blank\u201d\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Lot 10<\/a>.<br \/>\nProvenance: (1) Otto F Ege (1888-1951). (2) Bruce Ferrini. (3) <a href=\"\/\/www.legacy.com\/obituaries\/detroitnews\/obituary.aspx?n=alexander-vida&amp;pid=188650829&amp;fhid=25534\u201d\" target=\"\u201d_blank\u201d\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexander E. Vida<\/a>, by descent.<br \/>\nImages of both sides of the Quran leaf (gallery-13 and gallery-14) show its span of text. It contains part of Ar-Ra\u2019d (\u201cThe Thunder\u201d), <a href=\"https:\/\/quran.com\/13\" target=\"\u201d_blank\u201d\" rel=\"noopener\">Surah 13<\/a>, starting in 13:15, with the page-break at mid 13:29, and ending mid 13:40. The hizb marker is roughly correct for Ar-Ra&#8217;d 13:19.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Memphis, Tennessee, Rhodes College, Archives and Special Collections, Hanson Collection, <a href=\"https:\/\/dlynx.rhodes.edu\/jspui\/handle\/10267\/20164?mode=full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ege Box 3<\/a>, Leaf 1<br \/>\n(identifier:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164<\/a>) \u2013 a leaf which, it is said, arrived within Ege&#8217;s mat for it.<br \/>\nThe red title, on the verso, opens Surah 28: <a href=\"https:\/\/quran.com\/28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al-Qasas<\/a> (The Stories&#8221;).<br \/>\nNote the pair of paper patches at the lower edge, with a subtriangular patch at the outer margin and a longer horizontal patch across the bottom, like the &#8216;new&#8217; leaf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Recto<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14809\" style=\"width: 772px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14809\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14809 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Ege-Koran-Leaf-recto-Ege_Box_Three_1_2-762x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Rhodes College Archives and Special Collections, Memphis, TN. Hanson Collection 3, Koran Leaf, original recto, via http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164.\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Ege-Koran-Leaf-recto-Ege_Box_Three_1_2-762x1024.jpg 762w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Ege-Koran-Leaf-recto-Ege_Box_Three_1_2-112x150.jpg 112w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Ege-Koran-Leaf-recto-Ege_Box_Three_1_2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Ege-Koran-Leaf-recto-Ege_Box_Three_1_2-768x1032.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhodes College Archives and Special Collections, Memphis, TN. Hanson Collection 3, Koran Leaf, original recto, via http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>Verso<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14808\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14808\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14808 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Koran-Leaf-verso-Ege_Box_Three_1_1.jpg.preview.jpg\" alt=\"Rhodes College Archives and Special Collections, Memphis, TN. Hanson Collection 3, Koran Leaf, original verso, via http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164.\" width=\"602\" height=\"818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Koran-Leaf-verso-Ege_Box_Three_1_1.jpg.preview.jpg 602w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Koran-Leaf-verso-Ege_Box_Three_1_1.jpg.preview-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Rhodes-College-Koran-Leaf-verso-Ege_Box_Three_1_1.jpg.preview-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhodes College Archives and Special Collections, Memphis, TN. Hanson Collection 3, Koran Leaf, original verso, via http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10267\/20164.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Queens, NY, Saint John&#8217;s University, Archives &amp; Special Collections, FBNC, <a href=\"https:\/\/sjuarchives.tumblr.com\/post\/131158866035\/precious-and-pleasant-riches-item-of-the\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">verso only<\/a>; otherwise <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalmemory.stjohns.edu\/digital\/collection\/egebooks\/search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[access restricted]<\/a><br \/>\nThe text on this page extends from <em>Az-Zumar<\/em> (&#8220;The Groups&#8221;) at the start of Surah 39:63 \u2018\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u2019 to the end 39:75, followed in the last line by the title for <em>Ghafir<\/em> (&#8220;The Forgiver&#8221;) \u2018\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u2018 (Surah 40).<br \/>\nThe rubricated inscription for the textual division of a &#8220;Half-<em>Hizb<\/em>&#8221; stands upside-down in the outer margin (see above).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art, Near Eastern Department, <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225040654\/https:\/\/ncartmuseum.org\/art\/detail\/leaf_from_a_koran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leaf from a Koran<\/a>, showing only the recto and citing the date 1122.<br \/>\n(This leaf and its Portfolio set of <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> is not recorded in Gwara&#8217;s <em>Handlist<\/em>.)<br \/>\nThe rubricated inscription for the textual division of a &#8220;Half-<em>Hizb<\/em>&#8221; in the outer margin (see above) remains in full, uncropped; at an angle, it stands upright with relation to the text.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Columbia, South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, <a href=\"https:\/\/pascal-usc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com\/discovery\/fulldisplay?vid=01PASCAL_USCCOL:USC&amp;search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&amp;tab=Everything&amp;docid=alma991025427009705618&amp;lang=en&amp;context=L&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;query=any,contains,Koran%20Manuscript%20Leaf&amp;offset=0&amp;virtualBrowse=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Early Ms. 128<\/a> (the gift of Scott Gwara)<br \/>\n\u2014 with no image, but with the information that &#8220;the word h\u0323izb is written upside down on the margin of the verso&#8221;, indicating a textual division.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this latter case, the online catalogue entry not only refrains from identifying the span of the text, but also leaves uncertain whether the Leaf belongs to, or came from, one or other of Ege&#8217;s Portfolios, or circulated in some other way instead.\u00a0 It states:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">&#8220;[The leaf] Relates to a Qur&#8217;an leaves [<em>sic<\/em>] included in Otto F. Ege&#8217;s Fifteen original [Oriental] manuscript leaves of six centuries and Original leaves from famous books. This leaf was attributed to Mohammed ibn Kuzel Al Isawai by Otto F. Ege. Ege dated the ms. ca. 1122.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>More research, and more available information, would reveal further details about the structure of the manuscript as a whole, its context, its scribal attribution, and other features.<\/p>\n<h2>The Scribe and the Date<\/h2>\n<p>With accompanying labels or notes, the variously circulated leaves have mostly traveled to their current locations with a report of the name of the calligrapher as &#8220;Mohammed ibn Kuzel Al Iswai&#8221;, the date of &#8220;1122 [CE]&#8221;, and the place of origin as Egypt, and particularly Cairo.\u00a0 This knowledge would have travelled with the leaf, whether in some note, label, or contents list by Ege.\u00a0 Sometimes, alas, the specific form of transmission is not reported, or is only inconsistently or ambiguously mentioned, by the institution in its cataloguing or the accompanying metadata.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes the information about the leaf may have appeared in, or also in, handwriting\u00a0\u2014 as seems to be the case with the leaf at the Brooklyn Museum of Art (to judge by part of the online catalogue description).\u00a0 It was not uncommon for Ege to have inscribed such information in pencil at the bottom of the mat and\/or on one side of a detached leaf itself, as the leaves from a book were separated and dispersed variously on their own or in company with severed leaves from other books or manuscripts, Portfolios and other means included.\u00a0 Examples are illustrated in other blogposts about Ege&#8217;s manuscript fragments.\u00a0 (See our <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/manuscript-studies-contents-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contents List<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>For the Koran manuscript, presumably we must assume that Ege derived the name of the calligrapher and the exact date from a scribal colophon within the manuscript\u00a0\u2014 if not from some extra-textual information which came to him with the book, say on an endleaf or the binding, or in some other form from the seller.<\/p>\n<p>As stated in his Label for the <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> Portfolio (seen above):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This leaf was written by the Egyptian calligrapher Mohammed ibn Kuzel Al Isawai with a reed, on egg-glazed paper that antedates any European-made paper by half a century.<\/p>\n<p>So far, a scribal colophon has not come into view on any leaf as yet recognized as part of the same book. Occasionally for some of Ege&#8217;s manuscripts, a colophon surfaces somewhere in a dispersed leaf, as the case with 2 other manuscripts deployed as specimens in the <em>Famous Books<\/em> Portfolios:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the Aristotle manuscript (<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege Manuscript 51<\/strong><\/span>) and<\/li>\n<li>the Livy manuscript (<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Ege Manuscript 52<\/strong><\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The latter case survives at Rhodes College, with the colophon reporting the date as 12 September 1456; it is shown <a href=\"https:\/\/dlynx.rhodes.edu\/jspui\/handle\/10267\/20233\">here<\/a>.\u00a0 Multiple colophons in the former are described and illustrated in <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/more-parts-of-otto-ege-manuscript-51\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More Parts of &#8216;Otto Ege Manuscript 51&#8217;<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>One wonders what other information a colophon in Arabic might have conveyed, not only in terms of its textual contents, but also in terms of its script, its location within the book, and other material evidence.<\/p>\n<p>As for a different date between the wording of a colophon and the apparent date of the manuscript, it is not unknown in manuscript production, both Eastern and Western, that the colophon of an earlier scribe, with its earlier date, could be copied unchanged in the process of transcribing the exemplar.<\/p>\n<p>Presumably, Ege took the colophon at face value, without recognizing other features which could signify a much later date for the script, paper, textual markings, and other features.<\/p>\n<h3>Coda:\u00a0 Reed or Pen<\/h3>\n<p>It is uncertain whence Ege derived his belief that &#8220;This leaf&#8221; (namely, whichever one accompanied his Label) &#8220;was written . . . with a reed&#8221;.\u00a0 The use of a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reed_pen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reed pen<\/a>, especially for papyri (and cuneiform), is well attested. The images available for view from the Koran manuscript show rapid gradations in widths of strokes more characteristic of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quill pens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps Ege drew his inference from his belief that the manuscript represented an early, pre-European form\u00a0\u2014 replete with egg-glaze as a finish.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<h3>Further Reading<\/h3>\n<p>On the production of Quran manuscripts over time and place, from the 7th century (CE) onward, their scripts and calligraphic practices, and their structure, punctuation, and embellishment, see, for example:<\/p>\n<p>For the Metropolitan Museum of Art:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maryam Ekhtiar and Julia Cohen, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/qura\/hd_qura.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Early Qur\u2019ans (8th\u2013Early 13th Century)<\/a>&#8220;The introduction of paper into the region [with the importation from China to the Middle East] allowed for the production of far more Qur\u2019ans than had previously been possible.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For the British Library:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Colin F. Baker, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/sacred-texts\/articles\/calligraphy-of-the-quran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Calligraphy of the Qur&#8217;an<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For <a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamic-awareness.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">islamic-awareness.org<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.islamic-awareness.org\/quran\/text\/mss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Qur&#8217;anic Manuscripts<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2014\u00a0with a list of links to &#8220;The Qur&#8217;anic Manuscripts In Museums, Institutes, Libraries &amp; Collections&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Further references<\/h4>\n<p>Colin Baker, <em>Qur&#8217;an Manuscripts: Calligraphy, Illumination, Design<\/em> (London:\u00a0 The British Library, 2007)<\/p>\n<p>Sheila S. Blair, <em>Islamic Calligraphy<\/em> (Edinburgh:\u00a0 Edinburgh University Press, 2006)<\/p>\n<p>Francois Deroche. <em>The Abbasid Tradition: Qur&#8217;ans of the 8th to 10th centuries A.D<\/em>. (London:\u00a0 Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, 1992)<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014, <em>Islamic Codicology:\u00a0 An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script<\/em>. (London:\u00a0 Al-Furq\u0101n Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2005)<\/p>\n<p>Mohammad Gharipour and Irvin Cemil Schick, eds. <em>Calligraphy and Architecture in the Muslim World<\/em> (Edinburgh:\u00a0 Edinburgh University Press, 2013)<\/p>\n<p>David Roxburgh, <em>Writing the Word of God:\u00a0 Calligraphy and the Qur&#8217;an<\/em> (Houston:\u00a0 Museum of Fine Arts, 2007)<\/p>\n<p>Yasin Safadi, <em>The Qur&#8217;an:\u00a0 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Qur&#8217;an Manuscripts at the British Library<\/em> (London:\u00a0 World of Islam Publishing Co. Ltd for the British Library, 1976)<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p>We thank the owner of the &#8220;new&#8221; Portfolio of <em>Famous Books<\/em> in <em>Nine Centuries<\/em> for permitting us to examine and publish this find.\u00a0 We likewise thank the owners of other materials from Otto Ege&#8217;s collection for allowing access to the sources and related evidence.\u00a0 We give thanks also to our Associates and others for advice over the years about Ege&#8217;s manuscripts and their distribution, and now to Leslie French and David Sorenson for advice specifically about the Koran\/Qur&#8217;an manuscript.<\/p>\n<p>Further posts might present other leaves from this Portfolio and their relatives, as well as other discoveries for Ege Manuscripts.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14706\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14706\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-14706 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-1024x643.jpg\" alt=\"Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege's Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-150x94.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/unnamed-Pic-3-Ege-FBNC-Koran-Leaf-Back-Midsection-80x50.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Private Collection, Koran Leaf in Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries, Back of Leaf, Detail. Reproduced by permission.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Do you know of more leaves from this manuscript?\u00a0 Of other sets of the Portfolios of <em>Famous Books<\/em> (in <em>Nine<\/em> and\/or <em>Eight Centuries<\/em>) or <em>Oriental Books<\/em>?\u00a0 Do you have suggestions for the date and origin of this manuscript?\u00a0 Other works by the named scribe?<\/p>\n<p>Please let us know.\u00a0 Please leave your comments here, <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/contact-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact Us<\/a>, and\/or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Research-Group-on-Manuscript-Evidence-259443617456668\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">Facebook Page<\/a>.\u00a0 We look forward to hearing from you.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ege&#8217;s Famous Books in Nine Centuries and A New Leaf from Ege Manuscript 53 Qur&#8217;an or Koran written in Arabic on paper Egypt, dated 1122 CE (500 AH), but later:\u00a0 Probably Mamluk Dynasty, 14th or 15th Century Circa 391 \u00d7 299 mm &lt;Written area circa 285 \u00d7 220 mm&gt; Single column of 15 lines in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[678,1],"tags":[1846,1673,1841,1843,1842,1844,1839,251,1848,1438,1845,1697,1840,1847],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14686"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14686"}],"version-history":[{"count":73,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17151,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14686\/revisions\/17151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}