{"id":14531,"date":"2020-11-27T00:22:17","date_gmt":"2020-11-27T00:22:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/?page_id=14531"},"modified":"2021-08-01T01:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-08-01T01:22:45","slug":"bernhardt-house-2021-congress","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/abstracts\/bernhardt-house-2021-congress\/","title":{"rendered":"Bernhardt-House (2021 Congress)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Phillip A. Bernhardt\u2013House<br \/>\n(<em>Skagit Valley College, Whidby Island Campus,<br \/>\nand Columbia College, NAS <\/em><em>Whidby Island Campus<\/em>)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(Auto)Biography, Anonymity, and Authority:<br \/>\nPrologues and Their Lack in a Selection of Magical Texts<br \/>\n(A Response)<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_13995\" style=\"width: 179px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13995\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-13995 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hermes-Trismegistus-4-Vajra.png\" alt=\"Hermes Trismegistus. Frontispiece image (Lyons, 1669) via Wikimedia Commons and Wellcome Images (Wellcome_L0000980).\" width=\"169\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hermes-Trismegistus-4-Vajra.png 169w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hermes-Trismegistus-4-Vajra-147x150.png 147w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 169px) 100vw, 169px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13995\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hermes Trismegistus. Frontispiece image (Lyons, 1669) via Wikimedia Commons and Wellcome Images.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Abstract of Response<br \/>\nTo be presented at the 56th International Congress on Medieval Studies<br \/>\n(Kalamazoo, 2021)<\/h3>\n<h4>Session on <strong>&#8220;Prologues in Medieval Texts of Magic, Astrology, and Prophecy&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4>Organized by<strong> Vajra Regan<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Co-Sponsored by the RGME and the Societas Magica (for the 2021 Congress)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>(Session Rescheduled from the cancelled 2020 Congress, and partly Rearranged for the 2021 Congress)<\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/2021-international-congress-on-medieval-studies-program-planning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 Congress Program Planning<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A \u201cprologue\u201d is another term for what in English is often called a &#8216;foreword&#8217; in any written work, and can provide many details about the work.\u00a0 These details are often presented in the exegetical formula of <em>tempus<\/em>, <em>locus<\/em>, <em>persona<\/em>, and <em>causa scribendi<\/em>, but not exclusively nor exhaustively.<\/p>\n<p>In two cases discussed in this Session, we have directly-identified famous historical or perhaps pseudo-historical magicians to whom magical texts are attributed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sortes_Astrampsychi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Astrampsychos\/Astrapsouchos<\/a>, purportedly a Persian of the time of Alexander the Great, to whom several magical texts including lapidaries and dream books are ascribed, along with a spell in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_Magical_Papyri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Papyri Graecae Magicae<\/a> corpus (<em>PGM<\/em>), as well as a popular sortilege text which has a short prologue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Another is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.paulyonline.brill.nl\/entries\/brill-s-new-pauly\/pachrates-e903240?lang=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pachrates\/Pancrates<\/a> of Heliopolis, an Egyptian magician, priest, and poet of the early second century CE.\u00a0 He gave a spell in the <em>PGM<\/em> corpus to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hadrian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emperor Hadrian<\/a> in circa 130 CE, and wrote an epic poem now extant only in fragments about a lion hunt that Hadrian and his deified favorite Antinous performed.\u00a0 Pachrates also became a literary character in the <em>Philopseudes<\/em> by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lukian of Samosata<\/a> in the later second century, and, through this source, has entered posterity as the first literary example of the titular \u201csorcerer\u201d in the folktale of the \u201cSorcerer\u2019s Apprentice\u201d popularized by Disney\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fantasia_(1940_film)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Fantasia<\/em><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In these cases, are the attributions in these prologues pseudepigraphical or biographical?\u00a0 Or perhaps do they function more along the lines of<em> historiolae<\/em> that give the magical practices detailed an added efficacy due to their connection with famous magicians who interacted with well-known rulers?<\/p>\n<p>However, some other magical texts have more instructional details or procedural advice and requirements in their prologues, but give no indication of authors or other aspects of the exegetical formula.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the early-medieval Irish <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ancienttexts.org\/library\/celtic\/ctexts\/incantations_gall.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">St. Gall Incantations<\/a>, surviving in a single manuscript, there are no attributions of the spells to anyone in particular, whether historical or fictional.\u00a0 This is especially odd, because in medieval Irish manuscripts, poetry is often given an attribution, whereas prose rarely if ever is.\u00a0 As the spells in the St. Gall manuscript (Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex 1395, page 419) often have poetic qualities or forms, this reticence is noteworthy indeed.\u00a0 Not even a mythological personage is mentioned in these texts as the originator of the magical operations, though the spells themselves refer to both Christian and non-Christian supernatural beings.\u00a0 Thus, does this lack and this anonymity serve to highlight the potentially illicit nature of the texts concerned?<\/p>\n<p>By casting one\u2019s net widely and diversely, and juxtaposing these examples with those discussed by the panelists in this session, it is hoped that the purposes of prologues as essential parts of the magical operations themselves can be probed.\u00a0\u00a0 Such exploration might address the nature of the lapidary text examined by Vajra Regan, and might illuminate how mythological anonymity in relation to magic can serve to distance an author, scribe, and even audience from the negative connotations of magical texts and their contents in the case of the <em>Picatrix<\/em>, as discussed by David Porreca.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p><em>Note<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p>For the other Abstracts for this Session, see<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/regan-2020-congress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regan (2020&gt;2021 Congress)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/porreca-2021-congress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Porreca (2021 Congress).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The &#8220;Saint Gall Incantations&#8221; survive in one manuscript source now at Saint Gall in Switzerland (shown via <a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/list\/one\/csg\/1395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/<\/a>, specifically at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/csg\/1395\/419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page 419<\/a> in a composite volume).\u00a0 Their texts stand on the originally blank verso of a single despoiled leaf.\u00a0 The recto carries an illustration of the Evangelist Matthew as a scribal author.\u00a0 The verso contains the text of the charms in Old Irish, entered presumably within an available space in the original manuscript.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11110\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11110\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11110 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_418_large-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex Sang. 1395, page 418, via www.e-codices.ch.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_418_large-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_418_large-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_418_large-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex Sang. 1395, page 418, via www.e-codices.ch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_11111\" style=\"width: 778px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11111\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11111 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_419_max-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex Sang. 1395, page 419, via www.e-codices.ch.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_419_max-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_419_max-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/e-codices_csg-1395_419_max-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex Sang. 1395, page 419, via www.e-codices.ch.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_15862\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15862\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-15862 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-1024x570.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-150x83.jpg 150w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-1536x855.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/20210529_170700-AZO-2021-Phillip-Shows-the-RGME-Celtic-Poster-cropped-2048x1140.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15862\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the 2021 Congress online, Phillip Bernhardt-House shows the RGME Poster for his 2018 Congress Session.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>A Session organized by Phillip and co-sponsored by the Research Group on Manuscript Evidence and the Societas Magica included an examination of these text.\u00a0 See our <a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/2018-international-congress-on-medieval-studies-program\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018 Congress<\/a> and\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.manuscriptevidence.org\/abstracts\/slavin-2018-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slavin 2018 Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>On the day of his Response, Phillip held up onto the online Screen a copy of the Poster for that 2018 Session.<\/p>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n<p>We thank Phillip for his contributions to our Sessions over the years, as Organizer, as Presenter, and as Respondent.\u00a0 For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/bernhardt-house-2018-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bernhardt-House (2018 Congress)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/abstracts\/bernhardt-house-2008-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bernhardt-House (2008 Congress)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Bernhardt-House (2021 Congress).\u00a0 You are Here.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>*****<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phillip A. Bernhardt\u2013House (Skagit Valley College, Whidby Island Campus, and Columbia College, NAS Whidby Island Campus) (Auto)Biography, Anonymity, and Authority: Prologues and Their Lack in a Selection of Magical Texts (A Response)\u00a0 Abstract of Response To be presented at the 56th International Congress on Medieval Studies (Kalamazoo, 2021) Session on &#8220;Prologues in Medieval Texts of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10167,"parent":1023,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14531"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14531"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15861,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14531\/revisions\/15861"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/manuscriptevidence.org\/wpme\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}